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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A gene translocation is a
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aberration on a chromosome segment in which is transfered to a different chromosome or another chromosome.
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A gene duplication is an
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aberration on a chromosome segment in which it is repeated more than once thus, it is present more than one copy within the chromosome.
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A gene rearrangement is an
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aberration in which a segment of the chromosome is shifted within the same chromosome; or inversion of the chromosome ( turned upside down) or transfered to another chromosome.
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The electrons produced in the body or ejected from their shells via the Compton Effect ( outer) and Photoelectric Effect (inner)
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can go on and create ionizations & excitations; eventually loosing all of their energy.
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These ionizations and excitations can go on and
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effect biologically sensitive molecules in living tissues
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Damage to biologically sensitive molecules is primarily from the free radicals
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which are produced by the interaction of the secondary electrons.
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Directly Ionizing Radiation
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Charged particles such as alpha, beta, protons, heavy fragments. They frequently break chemical bonds and ionize atoms with no intermediary.
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Indirectly Ionizing
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Photons & Neutrons cause the secondary production of charged particles which they break chemical bonds and ionize atoms. Spurs and blobs of secondary ionizations occur along radiation track.
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Ionization of Water
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Since most biological tissues are about 80% water, water plays an important role in the biological damage. This is especially true for indirectly ionization.
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Neutrons
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interact with the atomic nucleus. Neutrons & photons are both indirectly ionizations. However, neutrons are more damaging because they have more mass.
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Chromosomes
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Thread like structures in the nucleus composed of DNA which codes for genes and other materials that control their expression. Chromosomes are normally contained in the nucleus. The chromosomes contain 6 ft of tightly wound DNA. Each cell of the human body contains the entire human genome, made up of 6 million base pairs. Each genes codes for a specific molecule, usually a protein.
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Chromatid
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One half of a chromosome.
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