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276 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
actinic keratosis
|
often precedes squamous cell carcinoma
|
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Addison's disease
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primary adrenocortical deficiency
|
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Albright's syndrome
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polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe au lait spots, short stature, young girls
|
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albuminocytologic dissociation
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Guillain-Barre (+ protein in CSF with only modest + in cell count)
|
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Alport's syndrome
|
hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness
|
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anti-basement membrane
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Goodpasture's syndrome
|
|
anticentromere antibodies
|
scleroderma (CREST)
|
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anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies)
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SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
|
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anti-epithelial cell
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pemphigus vulgaris
|
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antigliadin antibodies
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celiac disease
|
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antihistone antibodies
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drug-induced SLE
|
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anti IgG antibodies
|
rheumatoid arthritis
|
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antimitochondrial antibodies
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primary biliary cirrhosis
|
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antineutrophil antibodies
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vasculitis
|
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antiplatelet antibodies
|
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
|
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arachnodactyly
|
Marfan's syndrome
|
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Argyll Robertson pupil
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neurosyphilis
|
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Arnold-Chiari malformation
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cerebellar tonsilar herniation
|
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Aschoff bodies
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rheumatic fever
|
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atrophy of the mamillary bodies
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Wernicke's encephalopathy
|
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Auer rods
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acute myelogenous leukemia (esp. the promyelocytic type)
|
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autosplenectomy
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sickle cell anemia
|
|
Babinski's sign
|
UMN lesion
|
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Baker's cyst in popliteal fossa
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rheumatoid arthritis
|
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"bamboo spine" on x-ray
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ankylosing spondylitis
|
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Bartter's syndrome
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hyperreninemia
|
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basophilic stippling of RBCs
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lead poisoning
|
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Becker's muscular dystrophy
|
defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's
|
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Bell's palsy
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LMN CN VII palsy
|
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Bence Jones proteins
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multiple myeloma (kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
|
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Berger's disease
|
-deposition of IgA in the mesangium
IgA nephropathy |
|
Bernard-Soulier disease
|
defect in platelet adhesion
|
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bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
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sarcoidosis
|
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Birbeck granules on EM
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-proliferation of histiocytic cells that closely resemble the Langerhans cells of the epidermis
another variant - hand-schuller-christian disease histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma) |
|
bloody tap on LP
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
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"blue bloater"
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chronic bronchitis
|
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blue-domed cysts
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fibrocystic change of breast
|
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blue sclera
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osteogenesis imperfecta
|
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boot-shaped heart on x-ray
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Tetrology of Fallot; RVH
|
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Bouchard's nodes
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osteoarthritis (PIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)
|
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Boutonniere's deformity
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rheumatoid arthritis
|
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branching rods in oral infection
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actinomyces israelii
|
|
"brown tumor" of bone
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hemorrhage causes brown color of osteolytic cysts: 1. hyperparathyroidism 2. osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease)
|
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Brushfield's spots
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-light colored condensations on the surface of the mid-iris
Down's syndrome |
|
Bruton's disease
|
- b-cell deficiency
-associated with tyrosine kinase gene, low levels of all Igs -recurrent bacterial infections after 6 months of age in boys -absecence of tonsils and germinal ceners X-linked agammaglobulinemia |
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Budd-Chiari syndrome
|
posthepatic venous thrombosis
|
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Buerger's disease
|
-seen in smokers
-intermittent clauddication, raynaud's, severe pain small/medium artery vasculitis |
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
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8:14 translocation; associated with EBV
|
|
Burton's lines
|
- bluish line on the free border of the gingiva
lead poisoning |
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C-ANCA, P-ANCA
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Wegener's granulomatosis; polyartheritis nodosa
|
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cafe au lait spots on skin
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neurofibromatosis
|
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Caisson disease
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gas emboli
|
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calf pseudohypertrophy
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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
|
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Call-Exner bodies
|
-small follicles filled with eosinophilic secretions
granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary |
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cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
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Chagas' disease
|
|
cerebriform nuclei
|
- dermal infiltrates of atypical CD4+ T cells w/ . . . .
mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) |
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Chagas' disease
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trypanosome infection
|
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chancre
|
primary syphilis (painless)
|
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chancroid
|
haemophilus ducreyi (painful)
|
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Charcot's triad
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multiple sclerosis: - nystagmus - intention tremor - scanning speech
cholangitis: - jaundice - RUQ pain - fever |
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Charcot-Leyden crystals
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- crystalloids of eosinophil-derived proteins
bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes) |
|
Chediak-Higashi disease
|
phagocyte deficiency
|
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cherry-red spot on the macula
|
Tay Sachs, Niemann-Pick disease, central retinal artery occlusion
|
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations
|
central apnea in CHF and + intracranial pressure
|
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"chocolate cysts"
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endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
|
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chronic atrophic gastritis
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predisposition to gastric carcinoma
|
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Chvostek's sign
|
hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping)
|
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clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
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DES exposure in utero
|
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clue cells
|
gardnerella vaginitis
|
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Codman's triangle on x-ray
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osteosarcoma
|
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cold agglutinins
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mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis
|
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cold intolerance
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hypothyroidism
|
|
condylomata lata
|
-painless wart-like lesion that occurs on warm, moist areas
secondary syphilis |
|
continuous machinery murmur
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patent ductus arteriosus
|
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Cori's disease
|
-alpha 1,4 - glucosidase
debranching enzyme deficiency |
|
Cotton-wool spots
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chronic hypertension
|
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cough, conjuctiitis, coryza, fever
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measles
|
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councilman bodies
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toxic or viral hepatitis
|
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Cowdry type A bodies
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herpesvirus
|
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crescents in Bowman's capsule
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rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
|
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome
|
congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
|
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Curling's ulcer
|
acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
|
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currant-jelly sputum
|
klebsiella
|
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Curschmann's spirals
|
bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)
|
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Cushing's ulcer
|
acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
|
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D dimers
|
DIC
|
|
depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
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Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder - rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
|
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dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
|
pellagra (niacin, vitamin B3 deficiency)
|
|
diabetes insipidus + exophthalmos + lesions of skull
|
-bone disease similar to histiocytosis X
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease |
|
bug from dog or cat bite
|
pasteurella multocida
|
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Donovan bodies
|
granuloma inguinale
|
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Dressler's syndrome
|
post-MI fibrinous pericarditis
|
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome
|
congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
|
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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
|
frame- shift mutation
deleted dystrophin gene (X-linked recessive) |
|
eburnation
|
osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
|
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Edward's syndrome
|
trisomy 18 associated with rocker-bottom feet, low set ears, heart disease
|
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Eisenmenger's complex
|
late cyanosis shunt (uncorrected, L to R shunt becomes R to L shunt)
|
|
elastic skin
|
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
|
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Erb-Duchenne palsy
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superior trunk brachial plexus injury ("waiter's tip")
|
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erythema chronicum migrans
|
Lyme disease
|
|
Fanconi's syndrome
|
proximal tubular reabsorption defect
|
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"fat, female, forty and fertile"
|
acute cholecystitis
|
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fatty liver
|
alcoholism
|
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ferruginous bodies
|
asbestosis
|
|
Gardner's syndrome
|
-auto. dominant
colon polyps along with osteomas and soft tissue tumors |
|
Gaucher's disease
|
build up of glucocerebroside
-hepatosplenomegaly, aseptic necrosis of femur, bone crises, Gaucher's cells (macrophages) glucocerebrosidase deficiency |
|
Ghon focus
|
primary TB
|
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Gilbert's syndrome
|
benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
|
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
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defect in platelet aggregation
|
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Goodpasture's syndrome
|
autoantibodies against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins
|
|
Gowers' maneuver
|
Duchenne's (use of patient's arms to help legs pick self off floor)
|
|
Guillan-Barre syndrome
|
idiopathic polyneuritis
|
|
"hair-on-end" appearance on x-ray
|
beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoeisis)
|
|
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
|
diabetes insipidus + exophthalmos + lesions of skull
chronic progressive histiocytosis |
|
HbS
|
sickle cell anemia
|
|
hCG elevated
|
choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
|
|
Heberden's nodes
|
osteoarthritis (DIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)
|
|
Heinz bodies
|
-altered hemoglobin precipites within RBCs
G6PD deficiency |
|
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
|
-can be seen in young kids, post streptococcal in origin
hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with hemorrhagic urticaria and URIs |
|
heterophil antibodies
|
infectious mononucleosus (EBV)
|
|
HbF
|
-increased levels of fetal Hb throughout life
thalassemia major |
|
high-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy)
|
wet beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)
dilated can also be caused by alcohol abuse, coxsackie B, chronic cocaine abuse, Chagas' disease, doxorubicin toxicity, hemochromatosis |
|
HLA B27
|
Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis
|
|
HLA DR3 or -DR4
|
diabetes mellitus type 1 (caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells)
|
|
Homer Wright rosettes
|
-most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in children
neuroblastoma |
|
honeycomb lung on x-ray
|
interstitial fibrosis
|
|
Horner's syndrome
|
ptosis, miosis and anhidrosis
|
|
Howell-Jolly bodies
|
splenectomy (or nonfunctional speen)
|
|
Huntington's disease
|
caudate degeneration (autosomal dominant)
|
|
hyperphagia + hypersexuality + hyperorality + hyperdocility
|
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
|
|
hyperpigmentation of the skin
|
primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
|
|
hypersegmented neutrophils
|
macrocytic anemia
|
|
hypertension + hypokalemia
|
Conn's syndrome
|
|
hypochromic microcytosis
|
iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning
|
|
increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid / maternal serum
|
anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
|
|
increase uric acid levels
|
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan sydrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics
|
|
intussusception
|
adenovirus (causes hyperplasia of Peyer's patches)
|
|
Janeway lesions
|
-irregular, erythematous, flat, painless macules on the palms, soles, thenar and hypthenar eminences of the hands, tips of teh fingersm and plantar surfaces of the toes
endocarditis |
|
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
|
syphilis - overaggressive treatment of an asymptomatic patient that causes symptoms due to rapid lysis
|
|
Job's syndrome
|
-failure of gamma-interferon production by helper T cells
neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality |
|
Karposi's sarcoma
|
-vascular tumor
AIDS in MSM (men who have sex with men) |
|
Kartagener's syndrome
|
dynein defect
|
|
Kayser-Fleischer rings
|
Wilson's disease
|
|
Keratin pearls
|
squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
Kimmelstein Wilson nodules
|
diabetic nephropathy
|
|
Kluver Bucy syndrome
|
bilateral amygdala lesions
|
|
Koilocytes
|
HPV
|
|
Koplik spots
|
measles
|
|
Krukenberg tumor
|
gastric adenocarcinoma with ovarian metastases
|
|
Kussmaul hyperpnea
|
diabetic ketoacidosis
|
|
lens dislocation + aortic dissection + joint hyperflexibility
|
Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
|
|
Lesch Nyhan syndrome
|
HGPRT deficiency
|
|
Lewy bodies
|
Parkinson's disease
|
|
Libman Sacks disease
|
-vegetations can be on both sides of valve leaflets
endocarditis associated with SLE |
|
Lines of Zahn
|
-formed in areas of active blood flow
-alternate dark gray layers of platelets interspersed wtih lighter layers of fibrin arterial thrombus |
|
Lisch nodules
|
neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)
|
|
low serum ceruloplasmin
|
Wilson's disease
|
|
Lucid interval
|
epidural hematoma
|
|
"lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
|
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
|
|
lytic bone lesions on x-ray
|
multiple myeloma
|
|
Mallory bodies
|
alcoholic liver disease
|
|
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
|
esophagogastic lacerations
|
|
McArdle's disease
|
muscle phosphorylase deficiency
|
|
McBurney's sign
|
appendicitis
|
|
MLF syndrome (INO)
|
-convergence is normal, nystagmus in abducting eye, medial rectus palsy on attempted lateral gaze
multiple sclerosis |
|
monoclonal antibody spike
|
multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA),
MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance), Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia |
|
myxedema
|
hypothyroidism
|
|
necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
|
Wegener's and Goodpasture's (hemoptysis and glomerular disease)
|
|
needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
|
gout
|
|
Negri bodies
|
rabies
|
|
nephritis + cataracts + hearing loss
|
Alport's syndrome
|
|
neurofibrillary tangles
|
Alzheimer's disease
|
|
Niemann Pick disease
|
sphingomyelinase deficiency
|
|
no lactation postpartum
|
Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
|
|
nutmeg liver
|
CHF
|
|
occupational exposure to asbestos
|
malignant mesothelioma
|
|
"Orphan Annie" nuclei
|
papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
|
|
Osler's nodes
|
-soft, tender nodular cutaneous lesion in the pads of fingers or toes
endocarditis |
|
owl's eye
|
CMV
|
|
painless jaundice
|
pancreatic cancer (head)
|
|
palpable purpura on legs and buttocks
|
Henoch Schonlein purpura
|
|
Pancoast's tumor
|
bronchogenic apical tumor associated with Horner's syndrome
|
|
Pannus
|
rheumatoid arthritis
|
|
Parkinson's disease
|
nigrostriatal dopamine depletion
|
|
periosteal elevation on x-ray
|
pyogenic osteomyelitis
|
|
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
|
benign polyposis
|
|
Peyronie's disease
|
penile fibrosis
|
|
Philadelphia chromosome (bcr-abl)
|
CML (may sometimes be associated with AML)
|
|
Pick bodies
|
Pick's disease
|
|
Pick's disease
|
progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's
|
|
"pink puffer"
|
emphysema (centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency])
|
|
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
|
esophageal webs with iron deficiency anemia
|
|
Podagra
|
gout (MP joint of hallux)
|
|
podocyte fusion
|
minimal change disease
|
|
polyneuropathy, cardiac pathology and edema
|
dry beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)
|
|
polyneuropathy preceded by GI or respiratory infection
|
Guillan Barre syndrome
|
|
Pompe's disease
|
lysosomal alpha- 1,4-glucosidase deficiency associated with cardiomegaly
|
|
port-wine stain
|
hemangioma
|
|
positive anterior "drawer sign"
|
anterior cruciate ligament injury
|
|
Pott's disease
|
vertebral tuberculosis
|
|
pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement
|
glioblastoma multiforme
|
|
pseudorosettes
|
Ewing's sarcoma
|
|
ptosis, miosis and anhidrosis
|
Horner's syndrome (Pancoast's tumor)
|
|
rash on palms and soles
|
secondary syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
|
|
Raynaud's syndrome
|
recurrent vasospasm in extremities
|
|
RBC casts in urine
|
acute glomerulonephritis
|
|
recurrent pulmonary Pseudomonas and S. aureus infections
|
cystic fibrosis
|
|
red urine in the morning
|
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
|
|
Reed-Sternberg cells
|
Hodgkin's lymphoma
|
|
Reid index (increased)
|
chronic bronchitis
|
|
Reinke crystals
|
Leydig cell tumor
|
|
Reiter's syndrome
|
urethritis, conjunctivitis and arthritis
|
|
renal cell carcinoma + cavernous hemangiomas + adenomas
|
von Hippel-Lindau disease
|
|
renal epithelial casts in urine
|
acute toxic/viral nephrosis
|
|
rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
|
pseudogout
|
|
rib notching
|
coarctation of the aorta
|
|
Roth's spots in retina
|
endocarditis
|
|
Rotor's syndrome
|
congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
|
|
Rouleaux formations (RBCs)
|
multiple myeloma
|
|
Russell bodies
|
multiple myeloma
|
|
S3
|
-end of rapid ventricular filling
L to R shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), mitral regurgitation, LV failure (CHF) |
|
S4
|
aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
|
|
Schiller-Duval bodies
|
yolk sac tumor
|
|
senile plaques
|
Alzheimer's disease
|
|
Sezary syndrome
|
cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
|
|
Sheehan's syndrome
|
postpartum pituitary necrosis
|
|
Shwartzman reaction
|
a generalized reaction following two intravenous injections of endotoxin separated by 24 hours; it is characterized by widespread hemorrhages, bilateral necrosis kidneys, fall in leukocyte and platelet counts
Neisseria meningitidis |
|
signet-ring cells
|
gastric carcinoma
|
|
Simian crease
|
Down's syndrome
|
|
Sipple's syndrome
|
-pheochromocytoma, medullary CA of the thyroid, and hyperparathyroidism
MEN type IIa |
|
Sjorgen's syndrome
|
dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
|
|
skip lesions
|
Crohn's
|
|
slapped cheek appearance
|
-parvovirus
erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) |
|
Smith antigen
|
SLE
|
|
"smudge cell"
|
CLL
|
|
soap bubble on the x-ray
|
giant cell tumor of bone
|
|
spike and dome on EM
|
-nephrotic syndrome
membranous glomerulonephritis |
|
Spitz nevus
|
benign juvenile melanoma
|
|
splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
|
endocarditis
|
|
starry-sky pattern
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
|
|
"strawberry tongue"
|
-caused by strep. toxin, rash begins on the trunk and neck, and then proceedds to the extremeties, sparing the face
Scarlet fever |
|
streaky ovaries
|
Turner's syndrome
|
|
string sign on x-ray
|
Crohn's disease
|
|
subepithelial humps on EM
|
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
|
|
suboccipital lymphadenopathy
|
Rubella
|
|
sulfur granules
|
Actinomyces israelii
|
|
swollen gums, bruising, poor wound healing, anemia
|
scurvy (ascorbic acid, vitamin C deficiency) - vitamin C is necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
|
|
systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
|
aortic valve stenosis
|
|
t(8;14)
|
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
|
|
t(9;22)
|
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl) hybrid
|
|
t(14;18)
|
follicular lymphomas (bcl-2) activation
|
|
tabes dorsalis
|
tertiary syphilis
|
|
tendon xanthomas (classically Achilles)
|
-hyperlipidemis type IIa
familial hypercholesterolemia |
|
thumb sign on lateral x-ray
|
epitglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
|
|
thyroidization of kidney
|
chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
|
|
tophi
|
chalky accumulations of uric acid in gout
|
|
"tram-track" appearance on LM
|
-nephritic syndrome
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
|
Trousseau's sign
|
Trousseau's syndrome - visceral cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (migratory thrombophlebitis)
Trousseau's sign - hypocalcemia (carpal spasm) |
|
Virchow's node
|
left supraclavicular node enlargement from metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
|
|
Virchow's triad
|
pulmonary embolism (triad: stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoagulation)
|
|
von Recklinghausen's disease
|
neurofibromatosis with cafe au lait spots
|
|
von Recklinghausen's disease of bone
|
osteitis fibrosa cystica ("brown tumor")
|
|
Wallenberg's syndrome
|
PICA thrombosis
|
|
Waterhouse-Friedrichsen sydrome
|
adrenal hemorrhage associated with meningococcemia
|
|
Waxy casts
|
chronic end-stage renal disease
|
|
WBC casts in urine
|
acute pyelonephritis
|
|
WBCs in urine
|
acute cystitis
|
|
Wermer's syndrome
|
-pituitary, parathyroid, or pancreatic islets . .associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
MEN type I |
|
Whipple's disease
|
malabsorption syndrome caused by Tropheryma whippelii
|
|
Wilson's disease
|
hepatolenticular degeneration
|
|
"wire loop" appearance on LM
|
Lupus nephropathy
|
|
"worst headache of my life"
|
Berry aneuryism - associate with adult polycystic kidney disease
|
|
xanthochromia (CSF)
|
subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
|
xerostomia + arthritis + keratoconjunctivitis sicca
|
Sjorgen's syndrome
|
|
Zenker's diverticulum
|
upper GI diverticulum
|
|
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
|
gastrin-secreting tumor associated with ulcers
|