Radiation Protection Chap1-3

Front 1

November 1895, what happened?

Back 1

Wilhem Roentgen (possibly Alex's Dad) discovered x-rays

Front 2

The effective number of soft tissue is?

Back 2

7.4

Front 3

Among physicians cancer deaths contributed to x-ray exposure were reported as early as what year?

Back 3

1910

Front 4

Beta particles are actually---------?
x-rays
protons
high speed electrons
gamma rays

Back 4

high speed electrons

Front 5

Which of the following is the SI unit of electrical current?
columb
ampere
seivert

Back 5

ampere

Front 6

which of the following statements is true ?
-one centiseivert equals .1rem
-one centisevert equals 1 rem
-one centi severt equals 10 rems
- one centisevert equals 100

Back 6

one centisevert equals 1 rem

Front 7

which of the following units are not SI units?
- roentgen
- coulomb
- rad
- rem

Back 7

rad, rem, and roentgen are not SI units

Front 8

For x-ray and gamma ray photons with energies up to 3 megavolts , which of the following quantities may be defined as the measure of the total electric charge per unit mass that these kinds of radiations generate in air only?
-exposure
-Equivalent dose (EqD)
-absorbed dose (D)
-collective effective dose (ColEfD)

Back 8

Exposure

Front 9

which of the following are types of ionizing radiation that produce virtually the same biologic affect
for equal absorbed doses in body tissue?

Back 9

x-rays, beta particles, and gamma rays

Front 10

35 mSv equals how many rems?

Back 10

3.5 rems

Front 11

400 rems equals how many mSv?

Back 11

4000

Front 12

As the intensity of x-ray exposure air volume increases, the number of electron ion pairs produce _______.

Back 12

increase

Front 13

15 Sv equals how many rems?

Back 13

1500

Front 14

one mrem equals how many rems?

Back 14

1/1000

Front 15

in the diagnostic radiology energy range which includes mammography from 23 to 150 kVp , which of the cfollowing tissues possesses the greatest ability to absorb radiant energy through the process of photoelectric absorption?

Back 15

bone

Front 16

which of the following affects must be measured to determine the total amount of radiation exposure in a specific volume of air under standard conditions of pressure and temperature?

Back 16

quantity of ionization

Front 17

which of the following affects must be measured to determine the total amount of radiation exposure in a specific volume of air under standard conditions of pressure and temperature?
- biologic damage
-quantity of ionization
-cellular activity

Back 17

quantity of ionization

Front 18

Who was the first worker to die from radiation exposure?

Back 18

Clarence Madison Dally
(Thomas Edison's assistant, and perhaps Alex's Dad??)

Front 19

X-rays are carriers of_______.
- electrons
- man-made electromagnetic energy
-disease

Back 19

man-made electromagnetic energy

Front 20

Radiographic density is__________?
-not affected by mAs
-caused by photodisintegration
- defined as the degree of over all blackening on a finished radiograph

Back 20

- defined as the degree of over all blackening on a finished radiograph

Front 21

Differences in density level between radiograph images of adjacent structures in a finished radiograph are known as_____.

Back 21

radiographic contrast

Front 22

The x-ray photon energy required to initiate pair production is how many mega-volts?

Back 22

1.022 megavolts

Front 23

Annihilation radiation is used in which of the following modalities?

Back 23

PET

Front 24

Which of the following results in all directional scatter?

Back 24

Compton interaction

Front 25

Compton scattering is synonymous with______.

Back 25

incoherent

Front 26

Which of the following interaction results in the conversion matter into energy?

Back 26

annihilation reaction

Front 27

What particle is considered to be a form of antimatter?

Back 27

positron

Front 28

Which of the following are by-products of photoelectric absorption?
- low energy scattered x-ray photons and compton scattered electrons
-photoelectron and compton scattered electron
-photoelectron and characteristic photon

Back 28

photoelectron and characteristic photon

Front 29

What is the affective atomic number of compact bone?

Back 29

13.8

Front 30

which of the following term refers to the radiation that occurs when an electron drops down from an outer orbit to fill a vacancy in the inner orbit of the parent atom?

Back 30

Characteristic x-ray photon

Front 31

The possibility of occurrence of photoelectric absorption ______ as the energy of the incident photon decreases and the atomic number of the irradiated atom ______

Back 31

increases

Front 32

in photoelectric absorption the kinetic energy of the incoming x-ray photon must be _____ to be able to dislodge an inner shell electron from its orbit.

Back 32

the same as or greater than the energy that binds the electron in its orbit

Front 33

What symbol designates the atomic number of an atom?

Back 33

Z

Front 34

Which of the following is not a type of interaction between x-radiation and biologic matter?
-photoelectric
-paired
-brems
-compton

Back 34

brems
(Bremstrahlung, interaction that occurs on the anode during x-ray production)

Front 35

Coherent scattering is most probable at which of the following generator settings?

Back 35

30kV

Front 36

Particles associated with electromagnetic radiation that have no mass, or electric charge are called?

Back 36

x-ray photons

Front 37

If a pt asks a radiographer a question about the potential risk of radiation exposure associated with a specific x-ray exposure, the radiographer should______.

Back 37

Answer the question honestly and provide a suitable example that compares the amount of radiation received from the procedure in question with natural background radiation received over a period of time.

Front 38

The advantages of the BERT method are_____.
- BERT does not imply radiation risk, it's simply a means for comparison
-BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of our environment
-the answer given in terms of BERT is easy for the pt to comprehend

Back 38

all

Front 39

The mSv is equal to how much of a sievert?

Back 39

1/1000

Front 40

Both occupational and nonoccupational dose limits may be stated in_____.
-sieverts
-gray
-coulomb
-what combo

Back 40

all three

Front 41

Both occupational and nonoccupational dose limits may be stated in_____.
-rem
-rads
-roentgen
-what combo

Back 41

all three

Front 42

In the electromagnetic spectrum higher frequencies are associated with ____

Back 42

shorter wavelengths and higher energies

Front 43

The amount of energy transferred to electrons by ionizing radiation is the basis of the concept of____.

Back 43

Radiation dose

Front 44

which of the following are forms of electromagnetic radiation?
- x-rays
-visible light
-microwaves
-what combo

Back 44

all

Front 45

which of the following is considered by the EPA to be the second leading cause of lung cancer in the U.S.?

Back 45

Radon

Front 46

Which of the following protects the global population from exposure to essentially all high energy bombarding cosmic x-rays?

Back 46

the earths atmosphere and magnetic field

Front 47

Of the estimated .65mSv or 65 mrem's that man-made radiation contributes the average annual radiation exposure of the U.S. population, what portion of this results from the use of consumer products?

Back 47

.31mSv

Front 48

When exposed to high radon levels in the home, which group of people have the highest risk of developing lung cancer?

Back 48

smokers

Front 49

Through which of the following routes can radon enter houses?
-crawl spaces
-floor drains
-poured cement block foundations
-what combo
-

Back 49

all

Front 50

The FDA presently considers the risk of radiation exposure to the U.S. population from color television monitors to be ?

Back 50

negligable

Front 51

Cosmic radiation occurs in which two forms?

Back 51

Galactic and solar

Front 52

Terrestrial radiation includes which of the following sources?

Back 52

Uranium-238
radium-226
thorium-232

Front 53

Patients who understand the potential medical benefits from an imaging procedure are more likely too?

Back 53

Over come any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small risk of biologic damage

Front 54

Which of the following is a special form of radiation that's capable of creating electrical charges by removing orbital electrons from the atom of the material with which it interacts?

Back 54

ionizing

Front 55

which of the following statements concerning the 1979 nuclear reactor accident of TMI2 is not true?

Back 55

Excess cancer deaths have been predicted to occur in the 2 million people living w/in 50 miles of the plant during the time of the accident

Front 56

A transfer of energy that results from either a change occurring naturally with in an atom or a process caused by the interaction of a particle w/in the atom defines____.

Back 56

radiation

Front 57

When natural sources of ionizing radiation become increased b/c of accidental or deliberate human actions they are referred to as___

Back 57

enhanced natural sources

Front 58

Why is x-ray diagnosis more accurate today than in previous yrs?
- better design and improvement of equipment
- better educated medical personnel
- what combo

Back 58

all

Front 59

OMG! I'm finally finished. Hope every one is having sweet dreams; sorry cards not too fancy this time. id rather stick a pencil in my eye than continue typing.

Back 59

( for next time),
1,2,3 not it .
- its like calling shotgun, basically an unbreakable contract.-