Radiation Protection Ch 4-6

Front 1

The hemopoetic form of acute radiation syndrome is also called?
cerebral vascular syndrome, bone marrow syndrome or auger syndrome

Back 1

bone marrow syndrome

Front 2

Research has shown that repeated radiation injuries have a sigmoid effect, quadratic effect or cumulative effect?

Back 2

cumulative effect

Front 3

The prodromal stage of ARS is also referred to as the latent period, manifest peroid or initial stage?

Back 3

initial stage

Front 4

Radiation response dose curves can be used to predict the risk on _________ in human populations that have been exposed to low levels of ioning radiation? Genetic effect, malignancies or cataract formation

Back 4

malignancies

Front 5

After 1986 the nuclear power station accident (Chernobyl) in an attempt to prevent thyroid cancer in children in Poland and other countires_________ was aministered?

Back 5

potassium iodide

Front 6

A radiation dose of 5-15 rads delivered to a human embryo during preimplantation stage of development results in which of the following? congenital abnormalities, embryonic death or microcephaly

Back 6

embryonic death

Front 7

Which of the following are classified as acute deterministic somatic effects of ionizing radiation? blood disorders, fever and genetic effects/ male & female sterility/nausea, epilation and intestinal disorders

Back 7

nausea, epilation and intestinal disorders

Front 8

Which of the following groups of people exposed to ionizing radiation provide proof that low level radiation exposure produces late effects? Japanese atomic bomb survivors, atomic children in the Marshall islands, Chernobyl survivors or none of the above

Back 8

none of the above

Front 9

What do agents such as chemicals, elevated temperatures, ionizing radiation and viruses have in common? They are called_____________ which increase the frequency of occurance of mutations.

Back 9

mutagens (or Jessica like to call them mutants)

Front 10

Genetic effects from exposure to ionizing radiationoccur as a result of radiation induced damage to the DNA molecule in which of the following? Sperm of an adult male, ova of an adult female, somatic cells of male and female adults, or what combination?

Back 10

sperm of an adult male and ova of an adult female

Front 11

When a prediction is made that the # of excess cancers in a given population will increase as a natural incidence of cancer increases with advancing agent in a population the risk is described as what? excess, absolute or relative risk

Back 11

relative risk

Front 12

Existing data on radiation induced genetic effects in humans ...A. prove conclusively that radiation causes major genetic effects, B. are still inconclusive, C. prove conclusively that radiation causes only minor genetic effects

Back 12

B. are still inconclusive

Front 13

Mutations and genes in DNA that occur at random as natural phenomenon are called? sporatic mutations, spontaneous mutations or deterministic mutations

Back 13

spontaneous mutations

Front 14

In which of the following human populations is the risk for causing a radiation induced cancer not directly measurable? the Japanese atomic bomb survivors, all patients in diagnostic radiology subject to a radiation dose below 10 rems or the Chernobyl survivors?

Back 14

patients in diagnostic radiology subject to a dose below 10 rems

Front 15

Laboratory experiments with mice prove that cataracts may be induced with doses of? 50, 10 or 5 rads

Back 15

10 rads (.1 grey)

Front 16

Uranium miners in the Colorado plateau who developed lung cancer years after the exposure are an example of what? early deterministic somatic effects, late stochastic somatic effects or early genetic effects?

Back 16

late stochastic somatic effects

Front 17

The human body and incorporate radium into bone because it is chemically similar to...phosphorous, potassium or calcium?

Back 17

calcium

Front 18

Of the following late somatic effects cause by exposure to ionizing radiation which effects are considered to be most important? formation of cataracts, birth defects or cancer?

Back 18

cancer

Front 19

For an accurate estimate of the numberof radiation induced leukemia and other malignacies that occured in the Chernobyl incident the exposed population must be...not permitted to intermeangal(?) with the unexposed population, be monitored for at least 30 years after the date of the incident or remain living in the same geographical area for the remainder of their lives?

Back 19

be monitored for at least 30 years after the date of the incident

Front 20

Studies of Japanese bomb survivors demonstrate that the incidence of leukemia has_______ since the 1940's and early 1950's in the incident of solid tumors has continued to _______ since the late 1950's and 60's?

Back 20

slowy declined; escalate

Front 21

LD 50/30 means what?

Back 21

the whole body dose of radiation that can be lethal to 50% of the exposed population within 30 days

Front 22

The following is not a form of acute radiation syndrome...carcinogenic syndrome, hematopoetic syndrome, or cerebrovascular symdrome?

Back 22

carcinogenic syndrome

Front 23

Radiation induced cataracts in humans follow a ___________ dose response relationship...linear threshold, non-linear threshold or non-linear non-threshold?

Back 23

non-linear threshold

Front 24

Revised atomic bomb data for Hiroshima and Nagasaki suggest that radiation incuded leukemia and sloid tumors occuring in the survivors may be attributed to exposure to which of the following...x-rays, gamma rays, or neutrons

Back 24

gamma rays

Front 25

The bone( not sure if this is correct bc the recorder was messing up at the point) cells that have not been exposed to ionizing radiation they can be....overpopulation and become resistant, repopulate after a period of recovery or become insensitive to future exposures?

Back 25

repopulate after a period of recovery

Front 26

Which of the foolowing is a scavenger type of white blood cell that fights bacteria...thrombocytes, lymphocytes or granulocytes

Back 26

granulocytes

Front 27

Which of the following tissues contain cells that do not divide...epithilial, muscle nervous tissue or what combonation?

Back 27

muscle and epithilial

Front 28

Radiosensitivity of ova...vary slighty throughout the life of the germ cell, varies considerably throughout the life of the germ cell or remains constant throughout the life of the germ cell?

Back 28

varies considerably throughout the life of the germ cell

Front 29

Neutrophils play an important role in...clotting blood, preventing hemmorage or fighting infection

Back 29

fighting infection

Front 30

As LET increases the ability of ioninzing radiation to cause biologic effects...decreases slightly, also generally increases until it reaches a maximum value, or decreases considerably?

Back 30

also generally increases until it reaches a maximum value

Front 31

Which of the following groups of cells is most radio-sensitive...eurethrocytes, muscle cells, adult nerve cells or lymphocytes?

Back 31

lymphocytes

Front 32

Which of the following gonadal radiation doses may cause permanent sterility in a human male...1, 2, or 6 grays?

Back 32

6

Front 33

The term apoptosis is synonymous with what?

Back 33

programmed cell death

Front 34

Which of the following statements if true concerning patients who recieve a radiation exposure from a routine radiographic procedure such as a chect x-ray? patients are expected to sustain apprecinal damage to either the blood or the blood forming organ as a consequence of the exam, or patients are not expected to sustain apprecinal damage to either the blood or the blood forming organs?

Back 34

the patients are not expected to sustain apprecinal damage to the blood or the bloof forming organs.

Front 35

Based on current data what would be considered a safe radiation dose for the gonads of both females and males?

Back 35

ZERO grays!

Front 36

A periodic blood count is not recommended as a method of monitoring occupational radiation dose because...biologic damage from the ionizing radiation cannot be determined from a blood test, biologic damage has already been sustained when an irregularity is seen in the blood count, a traditional blood count is a relatively insensitive test that is unable to indicate exposure of less than 10 rads, or what combination?

Back 36

a traditional blood count is a relatively insensitive test that is unable to indicate exposure of less than 10 rads and biologic damage has already been sustained when an irregularity is seen in a blood count

Front 37

Which of the following human beings is most radiosensitive?embryo fetus, adult, or 5 yr old child?

Back 37

embryo fetus

Front 38

What of the following groups of cells is least radiosensitive...lymphocytes, nerve cells in the embryo or adult nerve cells

Back 38

adult nerve cells

Front 39

Which of the following illustrates the radiation sensitivity of a paticular type of cell...survival curve, extrapolation curve or dose response curve?

Back 39

survival curve

Front 40

While passing through a human cell an x-ray photon interacts with and inactivate the cells master molecule, which results in what?

Back 40

cell death

Front 41

Which of the following means the loss or change of a nitrogenous base in the DNA chain...free radical, mutation, or bleb?

Back 41

mutation

Front 42

Which of the following are considered low LET radiations...x-rays, alpha particles, gamma rays or what combination?

Back 42

x-rays and gamma rays

Front 43

Which of the following causes an increase in cellular activity that in turn causes biochemical reactions to occur more rapidly to meet the needs of the cells...hormones, enzymes or nucleic acids?

Back 43

enzymes

Front 44

In the human body, mineral salts are necessary for...proper cell function, creation or energy, conduction of impulses along the nerves, or what combination?

Back 44

All

Front 45

In general, which of the following can human cells do...protect themselves, regulate life processes, reproduce or what combination?

Back 45

All

Front 46

Inorganic materials are compunds that...

Back 46

do not contain carbon

Front 47

Antibodies are protein molecules produces by specialized cells of bone marrow called...r-lymphocytes, b-lymphocytes, or eucytes?

Back 47

b-lymphocytes

Front 48

The steps or rungs on the DNA ladder-like structure consists of complementary chemicals that are...pairs of nitrogenous bases, fatty acids or acidic acids?

Back 48

pais of nitrogenous bases

Front 49

The much smaller structures that make up nucleic acids are called...nucleotides, fatty acids or carbohydrates?

Back 49

nucleotides

Front 50

Which of the following serves as a prototype for RNA?

Back 50

DNA

Front 51

PRAISE GOD I"M FINISHED....

Back 51

GOOD LUCK EVERYONE!!!