Radiation Protection

Front 1

The x-ray interaction with matter that is responsible for the majority of scattered radiation reaching the image receptor (IR) is

Back 1

Compton scatter

Front 2

Types of secondary radiation include

Back 2

scatter and leakage

Front 3

What is the effect on RBE as LET increases?

Back 3

As LET increases, RBE increases.

Front 4

How do fractionation and protraction affect radiation dose effects?

Back 4

1.) They reduce the effect of radiation exposure.

2.) They permit cellular repair.

3.) They allow tissue recovery.

Front 5

If a quantity of radiation is delivered to a body in a short period of time, its effect

Back 5

will be greater than if it were delivered over a long period of time.

Front 6

The skin response to radiation exposure, which appears as reddening of the irradiated skin area, is known as

Back 6

erythema

Front 7

Biologic material is most sensitive to radiation exposure under which of the following conditions?

Back 7

oxygenated

Front 8

The radiation dose to an individual depends on which of the following?

Back 8

1.) Type of tissue interaction(s)

2.) Quantity of radiation

3.) Biologic differences

Front 9

Which of the following factors can affect the amount or the nature of radiation damage to biologic tissue?

Back 9

1.)Radiation quality

2.) Absorbed dose

3.) Size of irradiated area

Front 10

Ionizing radiation is described as having an RBE of 1.0

Back 10

Diagnostic x-rays

Front 11

Radiation-induced conditions is most likely to have thelongest latent period

Back 11

Leukemia

Front 12

Late effects of radiation, whose incidence is dose related and for which there is no threshold dose, are referred to as

Back 12

stochastic

Front 13

If 600 rad or more is received as a whole-body dose in a short period of time, certain symptoms will occur; these are referred to as

Back 13

acute radiation syndrome

Front 14

Early symptoms of acute radiation syndrome include

Back 14

1.) leukopenia

2.) nausea and vomiting

Front 15

classifications of acute radiation syndrome are:

Back 15

1.) central nervous system

2.) gastrointestinal

3.) hematologic

Front 16

Which acute radiation syndrome requires the largest exposure before any effects become apparent?

Back 16

Central nervous system (CNS)

Front 17

Interaction between ionizing radiation and the target molecule involves formation of a free radical is

Back 17

Indirect effect

Front 18

Type of dose–response relationship represents radiation-induced leukemia and genetic effects?

Back 18

Linear, nonthreshold

Front 19

Major effect(s) of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) irradiation

Back 19

1.) Malignant disease

2.) Chromosome aberration

3.) Cell death

Front 20

Types of adult tissue is (are) comparatively insensitive to effects of ionizing radiation

Back 20

1.) Nerve tissue

2.) Muscle tissue

Front 21

Radiation-exposure responses exhibit a nonlinear threshold dose–response relationship

Back 21

1.) skin erythema

2.) hematologic depression

3.) radiation lethality

Front 22

The effects of radiation on biologic material depend on several factors. If a quantity of radiation is delivered to a body over a long period of time, the effect

Back 22

will be less than if it is delivered all at one time

Front 23

Examples of stochastic effects of radiation exposure include

Back 23

1.) radiation-induced

2.) malignancygenetic effects

3.) leukemia

Front 24

Dose-response curve characteristics that represent genetic and some somatic responses to radiation

Back 24

1.) Linear

2.) Nonthreshold

Front 25

The following cell types has the lowest radiosensitivity

Back 25

Nerve cells

Front 26

Diagnostic x-radiation may be correctly described as

Back 26

low energy, low LET

Front 27

Linear energy transfer (LET) may be best described as

Back 27

the amount of energy delivered per distance traveled in tissue.

Front 28

The interaction between ionizing radiation and the target molecule that ismost likely to occur is the

Back 28

indirect effect

Front 29

The target theory applies to

Back 29

DNA molecules

Front 30

The principal late effects of ionizing radiation on humans includes

Back 30

1.) genetic effects

2.) malignant disease

Front 31

Possible long-term somatic effects of radiation exposure?

Back 31

1.) Cataractogenesis

2.) Embryologic effects

Front 32

Contributes most to patient dose

Back 32

The photoelectric effect

Front 33

Interaction between x-ray photons and matter involves partial transfer of the incident photon energy to the involved atom

Back 33

Compton scattering

Front 34

Occupational exposure received by the radiographer is mostly from

Back 34

Compton scatter

Front 35

Which of the following expresses the gonadal dose that, if received by every member of the population, would be expected to produce the same total genetic effect on that population as the actual doses received by each of the individuals?

Back 35

Genetically significant dose

Front 36

Factors that contribute to the amount of scattered radiation produced include

Back 36

1.) radiation quality

2.) field size

Front 37

Most radiosensitive portion of the GI tract is the

Back 37

Small bowel

Front 38

photoelectric effect is an interaction between an x-ray photon and

Back 38

inner-shell electron

Front 39

What is likely to occur if 25 rad is accidentally delivered to a recently fertilized ovum?

Back 39

Spontaneous abortion

Front 40

photoelectric effect is more likely to occur with

Back 40

1.)absorbers having a high Z number

2.) positive contrast media

Front 41

Types of radiation is (are) considered electromagnetic

Back 41

X-ray

Gamma

Front 42

The law of Bergonié and Tribondeau states that cells are more radiosensitive if they are

Back 42

highly proliferative

immature

Front 43

The skin response to radiation exposure that appears as hair loss is known as

Back 43

epilation

Front 44

Term used to describe x-ray photon interaction with matter and the transference of part of the photon's energy to matter

Back 44

Scattering