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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Radiation sickness, known as ___, is a serious illness that occurs when the entire body receives a high dose of radiation, usually over a short period of time. a. mortality rate b. relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) c. acute radiation syndrome d. linear energy transfer (LET) |
c. acute radiation syndrome |
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In order for the total body radiation syndrome to be applicable, radiation exposure must happen under the following condition: 1. an organ must have been exposed acutely, ie.. matter of seconds. 2. there must be exposure of the total body area 3. external penetrating sources, eg. x-rays, produces radiation syndromes a. 1 b. 2, and 3 c. 3 d. all |
d. 1, 2, and 3 |
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The lethal dose required to kill %50 of the population in 30 days in the definition of a. LD 20/20 b. LD 50/30 c. LD 50/50 d. LD 50/60 |
b. LD 50/30 |
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The acute radiation syndrom includes the following: 1. bone marrow syndrome 2. gastrointestinal syndrome 3. central nervous syndrome a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3 |
d. 1,2, and 3 |
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Response stages with the acute radiation syndrome include the following: 1. prodromal stage 2. latent stage 3. manifest stage 4. recovery or death a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 3 c. 4 only d. all |
d. all |
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For the acute radiation syndrome, in the 100- 1,000 R range, death is mostly the result of damage to the __ system. a. hemopoietic b. gastrointestinal c. central nervous d. integumentary |
a. hemopoietic |
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For the acute radiation syndrome, in the 600-10,000 R range death is mostly the result of damage to the ___system. a. hemopoietic b. gastrointestinal c. central nervous d. lymphatic |
b. gastrointestinal |
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For the acute radiation syndrome, at doses greater than 5,000 R range death is mostly the result of damage to the ___system.
a. hemopoietic b. gastrointestinal c. central nervous d. muscular |
c. central nervous |
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In the ____stage, the person experiences nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. a. prodromal b. latent c. manifest d. recovery or death |
a. prodromal |
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In the ___stage, the person appears to be symptom free. a. prodromal b. latent c. manifest d. recovery or death |
b. latent |
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In the ___ stage, the person becomes noticeably ill and shows signs and symptoms of the specific syndrome reflecting the organ systems which is damaged. a. prodromal b. latent c. manifest d. recovery or death |
c. manifest |
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The shrinking of tissues or organs due to irradiation is termed. a. epidermis b. erythema c. atrophy d. desquamation |
c. atrophy |
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Redness and swelling at the site of radiation exposure is termed. a. atrophy b. epilation c. desquamation d. inflammation |
d. inflammation |
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The peeling off of skin caused by irradiation is termed a. desquamation b. erythema c. epilation d. epidermis |
a. desquamation
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Abnormal redness of the skin due to irradiation is termed. a. desquamation b. erythema c. epilation d. epidermis |
b. erythema |
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The correct order of the layers of skin, from outermost to innermost, is a. epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous b. epidermis, subcutaneous, dermis c. subcutaneous, dermis, epidermis d. subcutaneous, epidermis, dermis |
a. epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous |
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The SED50 is estimated to be approximately ___rad. a. 6 b. 60 c. 600 d. 6,000 |
c. 600 |
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Epilation or alopecia are terms for a. tissue death b. hair loss c. skin reddening d. peeling of skin |
b. hair loss |
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The formation of cataracts caused by radiation is termed a. erythema b. keratoconus c. radiation cataractogenesis d. retinopathy |
c. radiation cataractogenesis |
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radiation induced cataracts follow a threshold, non linear dose-response curve, with the threshold thought to be approximately ____ rad a. 2 b. 20 c. 200 d. 2,000 |
c. 200 |
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Radiation induced cataracts have an average latent period of approximately ___ years. a. 2 b. 7 c. 10 d.15 |
d.15 |
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Doses as low as __ have caused observable responses to human gonads. a. 10 rads b. 20 rads c. 30 rads d. 40 rads |
a. 10 rads |
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The reproductive cells of the female are termed: a. spermatogonia b. oogonia c. megakayocytes d. granulocutes |
b. oogonia |
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the reproductive cells of the male are termed: a. spermatogonia b. oogonia c. megakayocytes d. granulocutes |
a. spermatogonia |
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Depletion of mature sperm in the male due to irradiation is termed a. maturation depletion b. maturation elimination c. maturation dysfunction d. sterility |
a. maturation depletion |
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An acute dose of the male or female gonads of approximately ___rads will cause permanent sterility. a. 0.5-0.6 b. 5-6 c. 50-60 d. 500-600 |
d. 500-600 |
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Regarding the bone marrow cells, what is the correct order from least sensitive to most sensitive? a. erythroblasts, myelocytes, megakaryocytes b. myelocytes, megakaryocytes, erythroblasts c. myelocytes, erythroblasts, megakaryocytes d. megakaryocytes, myelocytes, erythroblasts |
d. megakaryocytes, myelocytes, erythroblasts |
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Following radiation exposure to the bone marrow, what are the first cells to be reduced? a. lymphocytes b. neutrophils c. platelets d. red blood cells |
a. lymphocytes |
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The main effect on the male gonads is damage to and reduction in the number of the a. spermatogonia b. spermatocytes c. spermatids d. sperm |
a. spermatogonia |
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The main effect on the female gonads is damage to the. a. primordial follicles b. mature follicles c. corpus luteum d. ovum |
b. mature follicles |
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It takes a minimum whole- body dose of approximately ___rads to cause hematologic depression. a. 0.025 b. 0.25 c. 2.5 d. 25 |
d. 25 |
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Structural changes to the chromosome that occur after irradiation are termed: 1. aberrations 2. lesions 3. anomalies a. 1 and 2 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3 |
d. 1, 2, and 3 |
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Radiation-induced chromosomal damage that occurs before DNA synthesis is known as a. chromosomal aberration b. chromosomal abnormality c. chromatid aberration d. chromatid abnormally |
a. chromosomal aberration |
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Radiation-induced chromosomal damage that occurs after DNA synthesis is known as
a. chromosomal aberration b. chromosomal abnormality c. chromatid aberration d. chromatid abnormally |
c. chromatid aberration |
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Which of the following is a chromosome map used for cytogenetic analysis of chromosome? a. phenotype b. genotype c. karyotype d. stromatype |
c.karyotype |
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Which of the following would be considered an early response to irradiation? a. genetic damage b. leukemia c. life-span shortening d. cytogenetic damage |
d. cytogenetic damage |
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Which of the following not an early response to irradiation? a. breast cancer b.skin erythema occurring 2 weeks post exposure c. intestinal distress occurring 1 week post exposure d. chromosome aberrations |
a. breast cancer |
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Which of the following is not an acute local tissue effect of radiation exposure? a. cataracts b. epilation c. temporary sterility d. skin erythema |
a. cataracts
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Death from a single dose of whole body irradiation primarily involves damage to the a. skin b. bone marrow c. skeletal system d. respiratory system |
b. bone marrow |
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What is the principal response of the blood caused by radiation exposure? a. chromosome rearrangement b. chromosome fragmentation c. decrease in cell number d. cell proliferation stimulation |
c. decrease in cell number |
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LET |
Linear Energy Transfer a measure of the rate energy is deposited as a charges particle that travels through matter. |
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RBE |
Relative biological effectiveness. Comparison of dose of test radiation to a dose of 250 keV X-ray that produces the same biologic response. |
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RBE |
Relative biological effectiveness. Comparison of dose of test radiation to a dose of 250 keV X-ray that produces the same biologic response. |
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Relative biologic effectiveness |
The RBE measures the biologic response, not the radiation dose of having different LETs |
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Oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) |
The response of biologic tissue to radiation is greater when irradiated in the oxygenated state. Known as the oxygen effect. Numerically known as OER. |
