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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 2 main structural components of the cell
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– Nucleus
– Cytoplasm |
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Describe the function of the nucleus
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– Reproductive centre
– Regulates metabolism |
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What are chromosomes?
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– DNA–protein complexes and can replicate themselves during mitosis
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What is DNA?
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– Deoxyribonucleic acid
– Provide blueprint for the manufacture of proteins |
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Describe function of cytoplasm
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– Surrounds nucleus and contains the organelles
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Describe function of mitochondria
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– Source of energy for the cell
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Describe function of golgi apparatus
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– Collects, modifies and synthesised new molecules in the cell
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Describe function of granular endoplasmic reticulum
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– Transport system within the cell
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Describe function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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– Detoxifies substances in the cell
– Builds carbohydrates and lipids |
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Describe the function of ribosomes
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– Synthesizes proteins
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Describe function of lysosomes
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– Breakdowns and recycles unwanted cellular material through phagocytosis
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Describe function of Centrioles
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– Microtubules that organize the spindles during cell division
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Describe process of celldivision or mitosis
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– Interphase
– Prophase – Metaphase – Anaphase – Telophase |
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What is mitosis?
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– process by which the body grows and repairs
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Interphase G1 and S phase
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INTERPHASE – Resting phase
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G2 interphase
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– RNA and Proteins are synthesized for mitosis
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Prophase
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– Daughter centrioles are formed
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Metaphase
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– Paired chromotids line up along equator of cell
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Anaphase
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– Daughter chromosomes move towards their respective centrosomes
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Telophase
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– Chromosomes at each end of spindle undergo reverse prophase
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Describe Meiosis
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– Produces sperm and ova
– Cell division in a gamete |
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What is background radiation and name some contributions
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– The ionising radiation constantly present in the natural environment of the Earth, which is emitted by natural and artificial sources
– Cosmic rays = 14% – Radon = 58% (highest source) – K–40 (present in Food) = 12% – Ground (terrestrial radiation) |
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What is cosmic radiation?
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– the further from the equator the higher the intensity of cosmic radiation
– The higher you are above sea level the greater the intensity of cosmic radiation |
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What are man–made sources of radiation?
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– Enhanced natural sources = cigarettes, bricks, concrete
– Artificial sources = medical radiation, power plants |
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What are the recommendations for lead gown thickness?
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– CSP5 recommends .5mm thick
– NZ standards require 0.35mm |
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Why is it difficult to determine cause of cancer?
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– Stochastic effects that are random in nature
– Many carcinogens – Latency – Genetic and hereditary factors – Lifestyle factors |
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Immune system and radiation
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– The immune system may be suppressed following exposure to radiation
– Absorbed doses of 250mGy = drop in number of leukocytes – Either long recovery or death from haematopoietic syndrome – Absorbed dose of 500mGy = decrease in neutrophils |
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Label parts of the cell
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