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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ddx: sclerotic metaphyseal bands
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LIFe LINeS
lead infection fluorosis leukemia/lymphoma illness never forget rickets scurvy |
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ddx: stippled/fragmented epiphyses
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coumadin toxicity (fetal warfarin syndrome)
cretinism chrondrodysplasia punctata trisomy 18 multiple epiphyseal dysplasia |
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ddx: small colon in an infant
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AIM twice
aganglionosis immature left colon meconium ileus atresia (colonic) ileal atresia megacystis-microcolon-hypoperistalsis |
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ddx: sacrococcygeal mass in a neonate
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teratoma
chordoma neurogenic tumor myelomeningocele rhabdomyosarcoma lipoma melanoma meconium pseudocyst |
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how do you differentiate causes of a pulmonary edema pattern in the newborn
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big heart, gets better: infant of DM mom, hypoglycemia, asphyxia
big heart, gets worse: cardiomyopathy, aortic stenosis, coarctation, hypoplastic left heart normal heart, gets better: meconium aspiration, TTN, cord stripping normal heart, gets worse: TAPVR, hypoplastic left heart, mitral stenosis, cor triatriatum |
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ddx: neonatal adrenal mass
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adrenal hemorrhage
neuroblastoma wolman's disease *pearl* always recommend urinary markers and f/u in 2 weeks if uncertain |
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ddx: diffuse periostial reaction
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SCALP
syphilis, sickle cell caffey's abuse, hypervitaminosis A leukemia physiologic, prostaglandins, pachydermoperiostosis |
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good prognosis in neuroblastoma is associated with what features
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low stage, young age
few n-myc oncogenes |
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ddx: unilateral opaque hemithorax in the neonate
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pleural effusion
chylothorax atelectasis pulmonary agenesis hypoplastic lung CCAM diaphragmatic hernia |
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what are the common causes of pleural effusion in a neonate
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birth trauma
CHF hypervolemia erythroblastosis fetalis turner's syndrome |
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ddx: lobar opacity in a neonate
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I HEAR
infection (group B strep, E coli) hemorrhage edema aspiration RDS |
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what are lung volumes in:
- RDS - TTN - mec asp |
RDS: small
TTN: N mec asp: large |
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ddx: air and fluid filled hemithorax in the neonate
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BPD
CCAM lobar emphysema diaphragmatic hernia PIE |
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what are the 3 Ws of RSV infection
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wheezing
winter neWborn |
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which lobe is most commonly affected by RSV infection
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RUL
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ddx: recurrent pneumonia in a child
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CF
asthma reflux TE fistula immune deficiency BPD bronchiectasis foreign body sequestration |
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compare croup and epiglottitis
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croup:
- self limited - 6 mo-6 years - steeple sign of subglottic edema - viral epiglottitis: - acute - 3-6 years - thumb sign of glottic and epiglottic edema - bacterial |
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name 3 ways to radiographically evaluate a child for airway foreign body
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inspiration/expiration flims: air trapping on foreign body side
fluro: mediastinum shifts away from foreign body side on expiration decubitus film: foreign body side air traps when dependent |
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ddx: anterior mediastinal mass
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4Ts and C
thymic tumor thyroid teratoma terrible lymphoma cystic hygroma |
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ddx: middle mediastinal mass in child
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bronchogenic cyst
lymphadenopathy - TB - lymphoma vascular anomaly |
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ddx: posterior mediastinal mass
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neurogenic tumor
neurenteric cyst extramedullary hematopoesis sequestration |
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what distinguishes the common mediastinal neurogenic tumors
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age:
neuroblastoma: <= 2 years ganglioneuroblastoma: < 10 years ganglioneuroma: 6-15 years nerve sheath tumor: >= second decade |
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ddx: acyanotic, big heart, increased pulmonary blood flow
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ASD
VSD PDA |
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ddx: cyanotic, big heart, incrased blood flow
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5Ts CHD
truncus arteriosus transposition tricuspid atresia (10-15%) tetralogy (with absent valve) TAPVR coarctation (severe) hypoplastic left heart double outlet right heart |
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ddx: cyanotic, decreased blood flow
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tricuspid atresia
pulmonary atresia/stenosis tetralogy |
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what lesion is most likely to have a right aortic arch
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truncus arteriosus
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if you see a right arch what lesion is most likely
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tetralogy of fallot
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what surgical procedures are used to treat TOF
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blalock-tussig shunt (subclavian artery to pulmonary artery)
fontan procedure (RA to PA) |
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what is the most common cardiac cause of cyanosis in the newborn
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transposition
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what procedures are used to treat tricuspid atresia
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fontan procedure (RA to PA)
glenn procedure (SVC to PA) |
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ddx: double bubble
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duodenal atresia
web midgut vovulus jejunal atresia choledochal cyst annular pancreas |
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what are manifestations of down's syndrome
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duodenal obstruction
immature colon endocardial cushion defect hypersegmented manubrium extra ribs |
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compare omphalocele and gastrochisis
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omphalocele:
- midline defect - covered by peritoneum - abnormal rotation - high association with anomalies elsewhere gastroschisis: - off-midline - uncovered - +/- malroation - low association with anomalies elsewhere |
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rule of 2s in meckel's diverticulum
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2% of population
2 ft from ileocecal valve presents at age 2 2 inches in size 20% contain gastric mucosa |
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5 polyposis syndromes seen in children
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isolated juvenile polyp
familial polyposis juvenile polyposis gardener's syndrome peutz-jegher syndrome |
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ddx: abdominal mass in a child
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wilm's tumor
hydronephrosis mesoblastic nephroma neuroblastoma appendiceal abscess hepatic mass enteric or mesenteric mass ovarian cyst hydrometrocolpos dermoid cyst |
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most common cause of an abdominal mass in a neonate
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hydronephrosis
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most common cuase of a solid renal mass in a neonate
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mesoblastic nephroma
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ddx: hydronephrosis
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PURE P
posterior urethral valves ureteropelvic junction obstruction reflux ectopic uerterocele prune belly syndrome |
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how often is UPJ bilateral
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20%
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what are 5 complications of horseshoe kidney
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WRIST
wilm's tumor reflux infection stone formation trauma |
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what are the radiographic findings in prune belly syndrome
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hydronephrosis
reflux urethral obstruction bladder enlargement bulging flanks flaring of the lower ribs renal agenesis ureteral atresia |
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compare wilm's tumor and neuroblastoma
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wilm's:
- large kidney - calcs unusual - lung mets - invasion of vessels - no uptake on nucs studies neuroblastoma: - kidney displaced - calcs common - bone mets - encasement of vessels - uptake on bone scan and MIBG |
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ddx: adrenal calcs
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adrenal hemorrhage
neuroblastoma pheochromocytoma adrenal cyst addison's disease granulomatous disease wolman's disease |
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what is the order of ossification sequence of epiphyses in the elbow
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CRITOE
capitellum 2 radium 4 internal (medial) epicondyle 6 trochlea 8 olecranon external (lateral) epicondyle 10 |
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what are the signs of child abuse
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healing fractures of different ages
multiple fractures fractures in unusual locations metaphyseal fractures |
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what are the common ages for:
- developmental dysplasia of the hip - legg-calve-perthes - slipped capital femoral ephiphyses |
DDH: neonate, infant, toddler
LCP: child SCFE: teenager |
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DDH is bilateral in how many patients
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5%
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when SCFE is bilateral, what diagnosis should be entertained
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renal failure
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what are the radiographic signs of DDH
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shallow acetabulum
increased acetabular angle small capital femoral epiphyses delayed ossification of the femoral head acetabular/femoral head sclerosis |