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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Four Substances
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earth,air,water,fire
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John Dalton
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classified elements by
ATOMIC MASS hook & eye format |
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Mendeleev
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arranged atoms with MASS
made PERIODIC TABLE showed 8 groups |
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Group 1
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alkali metals-soft metals
highly reactive |
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Group VII
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halogens-gasses
combine w/ metals easily |
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Group VIII
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noble gases-inert
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Thomson
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found electrons were apart of the atom-plum pudding model
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Rutherford
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found nucleus- surrounded by negative ELECTRON CLOUD
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Bohr
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compared atom to
MINI SOLAR SYSTEM |
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Molecule
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combination of atoms-
small particle of a compound |
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Covalent Bonding
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2 atoms SHARE outer shell electron
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Ionic Bonding
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one atom GIVES UP its electron to the other atom
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Nucleons
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protons and neutrons-composed of quarks held together by gluons
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Shells are called...
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K,L,M,N...
2n^2 k=1 l=2 m=3 |
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Octet Rule
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the outer shell can NOT hold more than 8 electrons
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Binding Energy
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keeps attraction, keeps electrons circling nucleus
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Centrifugal Force
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causes electron to move straight away, fly away from nucleus
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Centripedal Force
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causes electron to be attracted to nucleus, keeps in orbit
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Isotope
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same # of protons
(bottom number) |
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Isobar
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same atomic number (nucleons)
(top number) |
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Isotone
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same # of neutrons
(subtract top from bottom number) |
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Isomer
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same # of everything
but element has diff. energy |
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Radioactivity
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unstable nucleus-too many or few neutrons-emits particles
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Radioisotope
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proton/neutron ratio
too many/too few |
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Alpha Radioactivity
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violent
ejects 2 protons & 2 neutrons decrease in mass by 4 loses 2 protons new element |
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Beta Radioactivity
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neutron changed to a proton
loses 1 neutron gains 1 proton |
