Rad Bio/ Protection

Front 1

What is the source of the majority of annual exposure?

Back 1

background radiation

Front 2

example of background radiation

Back 2

cosmic rays
terestrial
internal radiation- found in our bodies
radon

Front 3

examples of EM radiation

Back 3

ultrasound
radio waves
microwaves
visible light
xrays

Front 4

Inverse square law

Back 4

double the distance = a quarter the cGry

Front 5

xray, gamma, electrons quality factor

Back 5

1

Front 6

thermal neutrons quality factor

Back 6

5

Front 7

heavy particles quality factor

Back 7

10

Front 8

quality factor

Back 8

expresses the ability of radiation to do damage

Front 9

Result of Compton

Back 9

photon strikes loosley bound outer shell electron and transfers its energy to the electron = electron gets knocked out ( photon goes off in predicted angle)

Front 10

energies for Compton

Back 10

150-900 keV

Front 11

compton scatter is most likely at

Back 11

1-5MeV
the higher the energy the smaller the probability

Front 12

example of Compton

Back 12

port films

Front 13

Photoelectric

Back 13

involves inner shell electron...
photon is absorbed by the atomic electron

the higher the energy the greater the probability

Front 14

Auger electron =

Back 14

characteristic x-ray ejecting electron

Front 15

Delta ray =

Back 15

when an electron that has been kicked out has enough energy to kick out another electron

Front 16

Outcome of pair production

Back 16

photon strikes nucleus, knocks out electron and positron ( .511MeV)

Front 17

pair production is only important at energies above

Back 17

10MeV

Front 18

pair productions correlation to atomic number

Back 18

probability increases with atomic number

Front 19

photoelectric effect varies directly with the

Back 19

Z^3

Front 20

Brehms

Back 20

high speed electron accelerates by the nucleus ( breaking radiation )

- inefficient

Front 21

Brehms = ____ of the incident electron

Back 21

1/3

Front 22

the conversion of mass into energy

Back 22

annihilation radiation
(2nd part of pair production- produces 2 photon)

Front 23

Compton scattering occurs at energies

Back 23

less than 10 keV

Front 24

Another name for Coherent scattering

Back 24

Rayleigh

Front 25

Coherent probable

Back 25

in high atomic number materials

Front 26

Coherent no effect on

Back 26

radiation therapy

Front 27

coherent: no energy is ________ or ___________

Back 27

lost or absorbed

Front 28

xray interactions important to xray

Back 28

coherent and Compton

Front 29

neutrons and photon attempt to stabilize

Back 29

photodisentegration

Front 30

what is ionization

Back 30

neutral atom acquires positive or negative charge

Front 31

direct ionization

Back 31

charged particles collide with electrons (DIRECTLY) kicking out the electron

Front 32

indirect ionization

Back 32

NEUTRONS OR PHOTONS, liberate directly ionizing particles from matter

Front 33

excitation

Back 33

the incident particle doesn't have enough energy to kick an electron out just enough to SHAKE IT UP a bit

Front 34

Examples of radiatiosensitive cells

Back 34

basal cells of the skin, intestinal crypt cells, and reproductive germ cells

Front 35

most radio sensitive blood cell in the body

Back 35

lymphocytes

Front 36

factors that effect tissue response

Back 36

total dose
radiation type
cell sensitivity
volume of tissue irradiated
protraction
fractionation

Front 37

examples of radiosensitive

Back 37

brain, muscle, and nerve

Front 38

Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau

Back 38

cells that are rapidly dividing, actively dividing, undifferentiated, and have a long mitotic future

Front 39

LET

Back 39

linear energy transfer
- low LET = diagnostics xray, more penetrating
- high LET = alpha particles

Front 40

As LET increases, radiations ability to produce damage ________

Back 40

decreases

RBE

Front 41

RBE

Back 41

relative biologic effectiveness

Front 42

OER

Back 42

oxygen enhancement ratio

Front 43

Hematopoietic syndrome dose

Back 43

100-1000cGy

Front 44

one time lethal dose

Back 44

- prodromal
- manifest
- latent

300-500cGy death w/in 30-60 days

Front 45

Prodromal symptoms

Back 45

N/V, fatigue, hypertension, diarrhea

Front 46

Manifest syndromes

Back 46

Hematopoietic, GI, CNS

Front 47

dose that could be lethal to a embryo/fetus in the 1st trimester

Back 47

.05Gy

Front 48

most sensitive trimester for embryo

Back 48

1st

Front 49

GI syndrome doses

Back 49

1000-10,000 cGy

Front 50

CNS syndrome doses

Back 50

doses greater than 10,000cGy

Front 51

acute radiation syndrome AKA

Back 51

radiation sickness

Front 52

radiation sickness AKA

Back 52

radiation toxicity

Front 53

4 R's of radiobiology

Back 53

Reoxygenation
Repopulation
Redistribution/Re assortment
Repair

Front 54

Whole body tolerance dose =

Back 54

5 rem/ yr
.05 Sv

Front 55

1rem =

Back 55

.01 Sv

Front 56

1Sv=

Back 56

100 rem

Front 57

1 rad=

Back 57

.01 Gy

Front 58

1 Gy =

Back 58

100 rads = 100 cGy

Front 59

1R =

Back 59

2.58 x 10 ^ -4 C/kg

Front 60

1Ci=

Back 60

3.7 x 10 ^10 Bq

Front 61

1Bq=

Back 61

2.7 x 10 ^- 11 Ci

Front 62

Linear non- threshold

Back 62

stochastic

Front 63

Linear threshold

Back 63

non stochastic

Front 64

what is the dose response curve choice for rad. protection

Back 64

linear non- threshold ( no safe dose )
all or nothing effects

Front 65

leukemia is ___________

Back 65

nonthreshold (stochastic) linear response

Front 66

examples of hyper fractionation

Back 66

BID and TID

Front 67

LET determines

Back 67

QF

Front 68

low LET

Back 68

indirect

Front 69

high LET

Back 69

direct

Front 70

high LET causes

Back 70

more damage and more double strand breaks

Front 71

stochastic are _______________ effects

Back 71

probabilistic

Front 72

there is no such thing as a ___________________

Back 72

safe gonadal dose

Front 73

wk 15 of trimester

Back 73

beginning of 2nd trimester

Front 74

wk 28 of trimester

Back 74

beginning of 3rd trimester

Front 75

10 day rule

Back 75

xray exams should be schedules w/in 10 days of onset of last LMP