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119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Proton have what charge
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charge of +1,
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Neutron have what charge
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electrically neutral
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Electrons have what charge
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charge of -1
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Atoms have CONSIST OF WHAT 3 PARTICLES
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Electrons
Proton Neutron |
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Protons and neutrons ARE WHERE in the atom?
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in the nucleus center
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Electrons revolves where in the atom?
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revolve around nucleus
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Proton is how many times the electron
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2000 TIME MORE mass of electron
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Neutron has the same mass as what part of the atom
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same mass of proton
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# Protons is also known as
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Z or atomic number
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Unstable atom has same # of protons but what is different
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but odd number of neutrons
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Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus, center
Electrons revolve around nucleus # Protons = Z or atomic number Unstable atom has same # of protons but odd number of neutrons ARE ALL |
Review Anatomy of Atom
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Alpha
Beta X & gamma ionizing and waves (NON PARTICULATE) ARE TYPES OF WHAT |
Types of Radiation
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WHAT HAS NO MEDICAL USE
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Alpha PARTICLES
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WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF BETA PARTICLES
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P-32, I-31
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BETA PARTICLES ARE USED IN WHAT ENVIROMENT
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used in nuclear medicine
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X & gamma ionizing and waves HAVE NO ______ AND ______ AS KNOWN AS ____________ EM RAYS
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No mass or charge/NON-PARTICULATE
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A FILMS BADGE IS KNOWN AS A
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PERSONNEL MONITORING DEVICE
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WHAT PERSONNEL MONITORING DEVICE REPORTS RECORDS
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FILM BADGE
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WHAT PERSONNEL MONITORING DEVICE STORES RAD AND RELEASES LIGHT
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TLD (THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETRY LITHIUM FLUORIDE)
DOES NOT KEEP RECORDS OF DOSAGEA |
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WHAT IS TLD
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THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETRY LITHIUM FLUORIDE
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WHAT IS DOSIMETRY
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Radiation dosimetry is the measurement and calculation of the radiation dose received by matter and tissue resulting from the exposure to indirect and direct ionizing ...
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WHAT PERSONNEL MONITORING DEVICE HAS IONIZATION CHAMBERS, GIVES IMMEDIATE READING AND VERY SENSITIVE
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POCKET IONIZATION CHAMBERS
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IONIZATION CHAMBER
GEIGER-MEULLER COUNTER SCINTILLATION COUNTER ARE 3 BASIC TYPES OF __________ SERVEY METERS |
FIELD SURVEY METERS
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WHAT FIELD SURVEY METERS COLLECTS IONS
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IONIZATION CHAMBER
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WHICH FIELD SURVEY METER COLLECTS IONS, CAN DETECT ALPHA, BETA, GAMMA, GREAT DETECTION
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GEIGER-MEULLER COUNTER
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WHAT CRYSTALS EMITTS LIGHT, PM TUBE
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SCINTILLATION COUNTER
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SIGHT, TOUCH, HEARING, TASTE ARE WHAT KIND OF INSTRUMENTS
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DETECTION INSTRUMENTS
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WHAT CAN BE DONE IN AIR OR BY USE OF FILM
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MEASUREMENT OF RADIATION
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FIELD SURVEY METERS ARE KNOWN AS
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DETECTION INSTRUMENTS
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PERSONEL MONITORS ARE KNOWN AS
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DETECTION INSTRUMENTS
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WHEN MEASURING RADIOACTIVITY (CI) IS THE traditional unit
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CURIE
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WHAT MEASUREMENT OF RADIOACTIVITY HAS Bq AS THE SI UNIT
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BECQUEREL
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WHAT MEASURES RATE RADIOACTIVE DECAY, HALF LIFE
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RADIOACTIVITY
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WHAT RADIOACTIVITY TRADITIONAL UNIT IS MUCH LARGER THAN Bq (Becquerel)
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CURIE
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RADIATION EQUIVALENT MAN IS KNOWN AS OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DOSE EQUIVALENT AND HAS TRADITIONAL UNIT
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REM
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SIEVERT IS IS THE __________ OF OCCUPATINAL EXPOSURE DOSE EQUIVALENT
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SI UNIT
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WHAT TWO UNITS EXPRESS RADIATION AS BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
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REM AND SIEVERT
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100 REM EQUALS
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1 SIEVERT
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WBAT IS ABSORBED DOSE TRADITIONAL UNIT
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RAD
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GRAY IS THE SI UNIT USED TO EXPRESS PATIENT ______
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DOES
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100 RAD EQUAL
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1 GRAY
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WHAT TRADITIONAL UNIT MEASURES EXPOSURE IN AIR
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ROENTGEN
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ROENTGEN IS THE TRADITIONAL UNIT AND WHAT IS THE SI UNIT EQUIVIALANT
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COULMBS
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C/KG IS THE UNIT FOR
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COULOMB
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WHAT 2 UNITS MEASURES AMOUNT OF RADIATION AS IT TRAVELS THRU AIR
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ROENTGEN (TRADITIONAL UNIT)
COULOMBS PER KILOGRAM (C/KG) SI UNIT |
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NAME 2 RAIATION UNITS
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TRADITIONAL
SYSTEM INTERNATIONAL |
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WHAT RADIATION UNIT IS STILL USED IN USA
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TRADITIONAL
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WHAT RADIATION UNIT IS USED OUTSIDE OF THE USA
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SI UNIT
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WHAT RAYS ARE PRODUCTED IN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM
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GAMMA RAYS
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WHAT RAY IS IDENTICAL TO XRAYS IN EVERY OHTER WAY
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GAMMA RAYS
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WHAT EMIT GAMMA RAYS
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RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
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AN ELECTROMAGNECT WAVE IS
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XRAY
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IONIZING RADIATION IS KNOWN AS
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XRAYS
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MAN MADE PRODUCED IN VACUUM
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XRAYS
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SHORT WAVE LENGTHS
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XRAYS
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HIGH FREQUENCY IS KNOWN AS
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XRAYS
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99% HEAT, 1% XRAY
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XRAYS
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HETEROGENOUS AND POLYENERGETIC
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XRAYS
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NO MASS OR CHARGE
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XRAYS
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WHAT RADIATION HAS NO MEDICAL USE
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ALPHA PARTICLES
CAN disintegrate PAPER |
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WHAT RADIATION IS USED IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE
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BETA
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P-32, I-31 ARE EXAMPLES OF
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BETA
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X AND GAMMA IONIZING AND WAVES HAS NO MASS OR CHARGE AND IS A TYPE OF
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RADIATION
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IN THE ANATOMY OF AN ATOM WHAT PARTICLES ARE IN THE NECLEUS CENTER
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PROTRONS AND NEUTRONS
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IN THE ANATOMY OF AN ATOM WHAT REVOLVES AROUND THE NUCLEUS
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ELECTIONS
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IN THE ANATOMY OF AN ATOME # PROTONS EQUALS
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Z OR ATOMIC NUMBER
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IN THE REVIEW ANATOMY OF ATOM AN UNSTABLE ATOM HAS SAME # OF PROTONS BUT ODD NUMBER OF __________
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NEUTRONS
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WHAT PARTICLES OF AN ATOM HAS A CHARGE OF -1
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ELECTRONS
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WHAT PARTICLE OF AN ATOM HAS A CHARGE OF -1
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ELECTONS
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WHAT PARTICLE OF AN ATOM HAS A CHARGE OF =+1
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PROTON
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WHAT PARTICLE OF AN ATOM IS 2000 TIMES MORE MASS OF AN ELECTRON
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PROTON
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WHAT IS ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL, AND HAS THE SAME MASS OF PROTON
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NEUTRON
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WHAT TYPE OF RADIATION HAS NEGATIVE AND POSITVELY CHARGE PARTICLES, MATTER
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IONIZING RADIATION
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THIS TYPE OF RADIATION IS NATURAL OR MAN MADE
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IONIZING RADIATION
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WHAT TYPE OF RADIATION IS PARTICULATE
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IONIZING RADIATION
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WHAT TYPE OF IONIZING RADIATION HAS ALPHA, BETA, HAVE MASS AND CHARGE
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PARTICULATE
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WHAT TYPE OF IONIZING RADIATION IS PURE ENERGY, NO MASS OR CHARGE, X OR GAMMA RAYS
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ELECTROMAGNETIC
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ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE IS WHAT TYPE OF RADIATION
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IONIZING RADIATION
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WHAT IS THE GENERAL TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE PROCESS OF EMITTING RADIANT ENERGY IN THE FORM OF WAVES OR PARTICLES
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RADIATION
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WHAT LAW TALKS ABOUT THE RADIOSENSITIVITY OF CELLS AND WHO IT IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THEIR DEGREE OF REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY
R D R |
LAW OF BERGONIE AND TRIBONDEAU
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WHAT LAW STATES THAT THE DEGREE OF REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO THEIR DEGREE OF SPECIALIZAITON
R I S |
LAW OF BERGONIE AND TRIBONDEAU
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WHAT LAW WAS STATED IN 1904 AND IS THE LAW FOR ALL RADIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
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LAW OF BERGONIE AND TRIBONDEAU
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WHO DISCOVERED XRAYS
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WILHELM CONRAD ROENTGEN IN 1895
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WHO OBSERVED RADIATION EMITTED BY URANIUM
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HENRI BECQUREL
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WHO DISCOVERED RADIUMIN 1898
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MARIE AND PIERRE CURIE
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WHAT IS THE BRANCH OF SCIENCE THAT DEALS WITH MODES OF ACTION AND EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION ON LIVING MATTER
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RADIOBIOLOGY
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WHAT BRANCH OF SCIENCE'S HISTORY IS BASED ON PAST EXPERIENCES AND OBERSVATIONS
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RADIOBIOLOGY
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Late 1800’s, _________revolution had gripped the nation.
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industrial revolution
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Discovered during first WW
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Discovery of x-rays and radium
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WHAT WAS portable and emitted a constant stream of radiation.
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Radium
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WHAT WAS Treatment for cancer
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Radium
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__________ cocktails, glowed in the dark
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Radium cocktails
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Touted as a cure for blindness, high blood pressure, arthritis
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RADIUM AND XRAYS
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People sat in uranium mines hoping for cure from a variety of misc. diseases and disorders
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RADIUM AND XRAYS
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WHAT WAS USED for cleaner teeth and better digestion
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Radioactive toothpaste
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WHAT WAS USED AS A Face cream to lighten the skin
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RADIUM AND XRAYS
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WHAT WAS USED AS A Radioactive hair tonic
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RADIUM AND XRAYS
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WHAT WAS USED AS Suppositories
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RADIUM AND XRAYS
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Radium laced chocolate bars in Germany called ______________
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rejuvenator
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WHAT WAS USED AS __________ contraceptive jelly, marketed in Denver 1953
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Radium contraceptive jelly, marketed in Denver 1953
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WHAT WAS THE CAUSE OF Thousands of workers joined the radioactive industry, mysterious deaths
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RADIUM/ XRAY
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_______________ died in Edison’s lab at the age of 39, first to die from radiation exposure.
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Dally
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__________ discovered radium 1902 and died 1934, leukemia
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Marie Curie,
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WHAT WAS THE OCCUPATION OF THE EMPLOYEES IN 50 paint shops, 2000 employee, DIED OF bone cancer
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radium dial painters, bone cancer
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IN INVESTIGATION THAT WERE DONE ____________, US Radium company chemist, died, bones radioactive, x-ray themselves
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Ewin Lehmon
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IN INVESTIGATIONS THAT WERE DONE WHAT WAS FOUND IN ALL THE DEATHS
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All clothing items were luminous
There were no normal blood counts Radioactive material ingested, accumulates |
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Curie (Ci), Roentgen (R), Radiation Absorbed Dose (RAD), and Radiation Equivalent Man (REM).
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ARE ALL Traditional units
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THIS TRADITIONAL UNIT IS used to measure radioactivity.
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Curie (Ci) is used to measure radioactivity.
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WHAT TRADITIONAL UNIT IS DEFINED AS 1 gram of activitiy (nuclear decay) of radium 226 also equals 3.7 x 10 to the 10th power desintigrations per second (dps).
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Curie (Ci)
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In the SI system, curies are called
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In the SI system, curies are called becquerel (Bq).
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WHAT TRADITIONAL UNIT IS USED TO CALCULATE AIR
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R OR ROENTGEN is used to calculate ionization in air
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R OR ROENTGEN IS THE TRADITIONAL UNIT OF MEASURE BUT THE SI unit for ionization in air is
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The SI unit for ionization in air is coulomb per kilogram (C/kg).
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1) it is based on ionization in air and does not tell us anything about the amount of radiation absorbed,
2) it only applies to x and gamma, (NON-PARTICULATE) 3) it is not valid for energies above 3 MeV. |
three major drawbacks OF R OR ROENTGEN HAS
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A. Roentgen/ Coulombs per kilogram
B. Rad/Gray C. Rem/Seivert |
Radiation Units
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WHAT IS DEFINED AS absorption of 100 ergs per gram of matter
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Rad
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Unlike the Roengten, the absorbed dose applies to any type of ionizing radiation, regardless of energy. As radiation energy increases above 100 kev, the difference in absorption between bone and soft tissue gradually decreases. This is due to an increase in the amount of Compton interactions produced; Compton, unlike photoelectric interactions, does not depend upon atomic energy of the absorber.
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ROENTGENT AND RAD
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100 Rad EQUALS
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1 GRAY
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____________is the traditional unit for dose equivalency and may be defined as the absorbed dose of any type of ionizing radiation that produces the same biologic effect
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REM
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High energy wavelength means
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Short waves
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