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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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exit radiation that bends, or changes direction
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small-angle scatter
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differences between adjacent densities on the radiograph
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radiographic contrast
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a relatively simple process that actually results in no loss of energy as x-rays scatter
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coherent scattering
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undesirable, additional density
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radiographic fog
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the reduction in the number of primary photons in the x-ray beam through absorption (a total loss of radiation energy) and scatter (a change in direction of travel that may also involve a partial loss of radiation energy) as the beam passes through the patient in its path
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attenuation
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the amount of energy absorbed per unit mass
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absorbed dose
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a photon that forms as the vacant K shell (and subsequent shells) is/are filled following photoelectric absorption.
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characteristic photon
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emerges from the x-ray tube target and consists of x-ray photons of various energies
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primary radiation
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transference of electromagnetic energy to the atoms of the material is called absorption
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absorption
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degree of overall blackening on a radiographic image that has been completed
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radiographic density
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an interaction that occurs above 10 MeV in high-energy radiation therapy treatment machines
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photodisintegration
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the highest energy level of photons in the x-ray beam
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kVp
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photons that emerge from tissue and strike the image receptor
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exit photons
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an interaction between an x-ray photon and an inner-shell electron
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photoelectric absorption
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a composite Z number for many different chemical elements comprising a material
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effective atomic number (Zeff)
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the number of x-rays emitted per inner-shell vacancy
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fluorescent yield
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the product of electron tube current and the amount of time in seconds that the x-ray tube is activated
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mAs
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consist of solutions containing elements having a higher atomic number than surrounding soft tissue
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positive contrast media
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this is measured in grams per cubic centimeter; this component of different body structures also influences attenuation
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mass density
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responsible for most of the scattered radiation produced during radiologic procedures
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Compton Scattering
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the intensity of light transmitted through a given area of the dosimetry film
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optical density
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serves as a basis for comparison with the remaining film badges after they have been returned to the monitoring company for processing
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control badge
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This film is sensitive to doses ranging from as low as 0.1 mSv (10 mrem) to as high as 5000 mSv (500 rem).
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radiation-dosimetry film
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This device measures x-radiation and gamma radiation and, if equipped with a suitable window, can also record beta radiation. is both a rate meter device (measures exposure rate) used for area surveys and an accurate integrating or cumulative exposure instrument.
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cutie pie
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measures the amount of ionizing radiation to which a TLD badge has been exposed by first heating the crystals to free the trapped, highly energized electrons and then recording the amount of light emitted by the crystals
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TLD analyzer
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generally used in a laboratory setting to detect alpha and beta radiation and small amounts of other types of low-level radioactive contamination
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proportional counter
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a graphical representation of optical density on a film
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characteristic curve
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lists the deep, eye, and shallow occupational exposure of each person in the facility as measured by the exposed monitors
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personnel monitoring report
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