Rad 120 Ch 1 & 2

Front 1

BERT advantages (3) are:

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1. BERT does not imply radiation risk, it is a means for comparison 2. emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of our environment 3. easy for a patient to comprehend

Front 2

may be defined as energy in transit from one location to another

Back 2

radiation

Front 3

the amount of energy transferred to electrons by ionizing radiation is the basis of the concept of

Back 3

radiation dose

Front 4

if electromagnetic radiation has a high enough frequency, it can transfer sufficient energy to the electrons to remove them from the atoms to which they were attached is a process called

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ionization

Front 5

x-rays in the electromagnetic spectrum

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x-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared rays, microwaves, and radio waves.

Front 6

both occupational and nonoccupational dose limits are expressed as effective dose and may be stated in

Back 6

Sv (rem)

Front 7

in the in SI and the EqD is the

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sievert (Sv)

Front 8

the traditional system of unit of measure is the

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rem

Front 9

what is the average annual EqD for manmade consumer products

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0.11 mSv or 11 mrem

Front 10

cosmic radiation is from the

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solar and galactic

Front 11

natural sources become increased b/c of accidental or deliberate human actions are termed

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enhanced natural sources

Front 12

radon is the first decay product of

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radium

Front 13

2nd largest cause of lung cancer is

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radon

Front 14

____ exposed to high radon levels face a higher risk of lung cancer than do nonsmokers

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smokers

Front 15

the EPA recommends that action be taken to reduce elevated levels of radon to below

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4 picocuries

Front 16

the earth's _____ & ______ help shield it from cosmic rays

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atmosphere and magnetic field

Front 17

the radiation exposure to the general public may now be considered

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negligible

Front 18

a flight on a typical commercial airliner results in an equivalent dose rate of

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0.005 to 0.01 mSv/hr

Front 19

radioactive reactor core results in severe overheating at a temperature greater than

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5000 degrees F

Front 20

when a low energy photon typically less than 30 KeV is called

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coherent scattering

Front 21

coherent or unmodified scattering is AKA

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Rayleigh scattering

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AKA incoherent, inelastic, or modified scattering

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compton scattering

Front 23

Atomic # is AKA

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Z number

Front 24

small angle scatter happens with

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coherent & pair production

Front 25

to dislodge an inner shell electron from its atomic orbit the incoming x-ray photon must be able to

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transfer a quantity of energy as large as or larger than the binding energy in the electron orbit

Front 26

characteristic photon is AKA

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fluorescent radiation

Front 27

to fill an opening an electron from an outer shell drops down to the vacated inner shell opening by releasing energy in the form of a photon called

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characteristic photon

Front 28

a process in which the energy that would have appeared as a photon is instead used to eject an outer shell electron, these unbound electrons generated are called

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Auger electrons

Front 29

refers to the number of characteristic e-rays emitted per inner shell vacancy

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fluorescent yield

Front 30

compact bone atomic # is

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13.8

Front 31

scatter in all directions happens with what interaction

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compton

Front 32

x-rays are _____

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manmade

Front 33

to ensure the image quality and patient safety the the highest energy x-ray beam that permits adequate

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radiographic contrast

Front 34

the minimum energy required to produce an electron positron pair is

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1.022 MeV

Front 35

the positron is classified as a form of

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antimatter

Front 36

Annihilation radiation is used in

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PET scanning

Front 37

patients who have an understanding of the medical benefit from an imaging procedure are more likely to overcome any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small risk of possible

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biologic damage

Front 38

sources of ionizing radiation may be natural or

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manmade

Front 39

long lived radioactive elements that emit densely ionizing radiations are present in the crust of the earth (such as uranium, radium, and thorium)

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terrestrial radiation

Front 40

0.3 mSv (30 mrem) per year from

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extraterrestrial radiation

Front 41

coherent scattering AKA

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classical, elastic, or unmodified

Front 42

vibrating electrons radiates energy in the form of

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electromagnetic waves