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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is rabies?
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an acute prgressive encephalomyelitis caused by RNA virus rhabdoviridae
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What are the natural hosts for rabies?
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skunks, raccons, mongoose and bats
all warm blooded vertebrates are susceptible to experiemental infection |
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How is rabies transmitted?
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by bite through saliva
by aerosol in bat caves reported by fresh cute or abrasions |
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What is the epidemiology of rabies?
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-rabies is a widely disributed across the globe
-most human deaths follow a bite from an infected dog -wound cleansing and immunizations can prevent the onset of rabies and virtually 100% of exposure -once the signs and symptoms of rabies start there is not treatment and is almost always fatal -globally the most cost effective strategy for preventing rabies in people is by eliminating rabies in dogs through vaccination -Globally people get rabies from dogs in the Us people get rabies from bats -present in mongoose in some caribbean islands |
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T/F rabies is common in vaccinated dogs and cats.
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false uncommon
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Bat associated rabies?
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US - majority of human rabies caused by bats
minor wound from bat bite most human rabies diagnosed post-mortem |
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What is a non bite rabies exposure?
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contamination of open wounds, abrasions or mucous membranes with saliva or other potentially infectious material
surgical or transplant patients aerosol exposure - lab workers airborne exposure |
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What are not exposures for rabies?
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contact with blood, urine and feces
skunk spray seeing a rabid animal, being in the same room petting or handling an animal |
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How do you prevent rabies?
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animal and human surveillance
reduce animal reservoir reduce human risk |
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How is the vaccine for rabies most effective?
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vaccine should be given by or under the direct supervision of a veterinarian
initial dose of vaccine takes 28 days animals that are vaccinated no vaccines are available for wolf-hybrids |
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What do you do after an animal has been bitten?
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by a rabid animals - wild mammalian carnivores or bats that are available or suitable for testing should be regarded as rabid animals
unvaccinated dogs cats ferrets and live stock -euthanize and test -local ordinance may also permit isolation of the animal (6 months) |
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What happens when animals bite people?
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rules for vacinated dogs/cats.ferrets
-quarentine for 10 days with daily observation and pre and post quatantine exams by a veterinarian -euthanize and brain test every animals with symptoms rules for unvaccinated animals -quarantine animal that doesn't show symptoms should be vaccinated before release |
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Can you eat lifestock?
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yes if you eat before rabies replication
risk of infection during slaughter |
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What is post exposure prophylaxis?
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treating after biting
-not validated for use on animals -used to protect people who have been exposed to rabies |
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Who should be vaccinated?
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recommended for high risk groups
-veterinarians and their staff -animal handlers -wildlife biologist working with reservoir species -rabies researchers recommended for travelers to highly endemic countries, especially if dog contact is likely |
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How is the risk of rabies reduced?
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health departments and animal control
-school programs -newspaper ads, posters veterinarians and staff heath departments |
