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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Give a summary of ww2 based on pg 257
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In the 1930s hitlers nazi party took power in Germany. Benito Mussolini became more nationalistic in Italy and Japan made government decisions. The league of nations failed to maintain peace. Germany Italy and Japan extended territory. Britain and France failed to sop their growing power. 1st September 1939 WWII begun. One million Australians served in the war. Darwin was attacked an this brought the ear to Australia's mainland. War ended 2nd september 1945. 25 million soldiers and 55million civilians died. 6 million Jews died. Thousands does an duffers burns from atomic bombs at Nagasaki and Hiroshima.
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When did WWII start
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1st September 1939
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What were the four main causes of WWII
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League of nations failed
Hitler (Paris peace conference)Treaty of Versailles Great Depression |
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Define the League of Nations
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It was an organisation designed to maintain peace through collective security.
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Define collective security
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The idea that members of the league would act together against another threatening nation.
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How was the League of Nations unsuccessful?
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They lacked power (didn't have an army) and members if the league left.
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What's a another name for the League of Nations and why?
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Toothless tiger because it had no power
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When was the League of Nations formed?
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1920
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When did Germany and Japan quit the league?
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1933
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How did Germany feel about the treaty?
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Unhappy because they thought it was too harsh. They couldn't affords to pay the money. People were dissatisfied with the government and voted to power a man who promised to rip up the treaty of Versailles.
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Armistice
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an agreement between opposing sides to stop fighting as a prelude to making peace.
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Democratic republic:
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a government run by democratic principles with and elected rather than hereditary head of state.
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Right-wing:
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people who support nationalism, tradition and social hierarchy.
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Weimar Republic:
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The name given to the German Government from late 1918 to early 1933
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Great Depression
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Great Depression
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Fascist
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someone who follows political ideology that the individual should serve the state, which should be governed by a strong leader of national will.
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Isolationism
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The US foreign policy of withdrawing from involvement in international affairs except in defence of its own interests.
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Appeasement:
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The policy Britain and France pursued towards Germany from 1937-1939. To give into some of Hitler’s demands in the hope of avoiding war.
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Axis Powers
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Germany, Italy and Japan
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When did Italy quit the league?
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1937
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Allies
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US, Britain, France, Soviet Union
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When was the treaty of Versailles signed?
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28th June 1919
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Define armistice
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An agreement between opposing sides to stop fighting as a prelude to making peace
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On 9th November kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated. Why?
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Because the US demanded that Germany form a new and democratic government.
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What was the name of the New Democratic republic in Germany?
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The Weimar Republic
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What were the conditions of the treaty?
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War guilt clause
Reparations Disarmament Territorial clauses Germany had to accept occupation of the Rhineland Take full responsibility for the war Have a restricted airforce (100,000 men) They were denier colonies and investments Lost territory Pay reparations of 66 million pounds plus interest Accept sole responsibility for the war. |
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How did Germany react to the idea of the Weimar Republic?
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They bitterly opposed the idea especially the right wing conservatives. They were hostile to its acceptance of the treaty of Versailles
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What was the treaty of Versailles designed to do?
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The treaty's intent was to make Germany feel guilty and responsible for WWI.it was designed to make them pay (Under article 231, Germany hade to accept sole blame for starting the war)
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What was the short term reason for WWII?
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Britain and France declared war on Germany because Germany invaded Poland
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When did Britain and France declare war on Germany
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3rd September 1939
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What happened on 1st September 1939
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Germany invaded Poland
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Who were the axis powers?
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Germany, Italy and Japan
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Who were the allied powers
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Britain, France, USA (->1941) Australia, Canada, Soviet Union (->1941), Greece and New Zealand
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Who was the leader of Japan?
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Hirohito
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How was japan involved in the war
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Lack of natural resources and suffered from the Great Depression. Wanted to establish own empire
Built up army+navy and 1937 invaded east china. Occupied Asian countries; Malaya, Burma, Thailand. |
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Who was the leader of Japan?
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Hirohito
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When did adolf hitler become chancellor of Germany?
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January 1933
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What were hitlers goals?
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To regain what it has lost due to the treaty if Versailles
Expand into Europe Conquer Soviet Union |
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How did hitler break the treaty of Versailles
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Introduced conscription and built up the army
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Where did hitler invade prior to Poland
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Austria 1938
Czechoslovakia May 1938/9 |
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What is the policy if appeasement
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Britain and France gave in to some of hitler a demands in the hope of preventing a war. 'Avoidance of war'
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Did hitler follow the policy of appeasement
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No, he invaded Poland
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Where did Australia fight the Germans and Italians
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Europe. North Africa, Greece and Crete 1940-1942
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How did the pearl harbour attack influence Australia
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John curtain recalled 6/7th divisions drone Europe to fight against the Japanese.
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January 1940
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Aus troops sailed to Middle East
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When was the Battle of Britain
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1940
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How was japan involved in the war
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Lack of natural resources and suffered from the Great Depression. Wanted to establish own empire
Built up army+navy and 1937 invaded east china. Occupied Asian countries; Malaya, Burma, Thailand. |
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How was Australia involved in the Battle of Britain
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450 pilots involved in bombing Germany.
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When did Australia fight in Greece and Crete
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October 1940- May 1941
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April-December 1941
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Australians fought Germany at Tobruk
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June 1941
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7th division attacked Lebanon and Syria against the Vichy French
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Who were the Vichy French
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Government of South France who worked with axis not allies
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What were the three theatres of war
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Europe
North Africa The pacific |
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How did US respond to japan at first
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Harsh economic sanctions on Japanese trade
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When was pearl harbour attacked
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7th December 191
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Why did japan attack pearl harbour
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To destroy the us navy base in Hawaii
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When did the USA declare war in japan
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8th December
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What happened on 11th December 1941
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Hitler declares war on the United States which brought the us into the European war
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Who was The leader of Italy
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Benito Mussolini
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What were Mussolinis goals
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To gain new territory and expand his empire.
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Where did Mussolini invade
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Albania
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When was the fall of Singapore
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15th February 1942
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When was Nagasaki hit
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9th aug 1945
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When did japan surrender
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2nd September 1945
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When did japan bomb Darwin
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19th February 1942
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When was the battle of the coral sea
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4-8may 1942
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Where is the kokoda trail
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New Guinea
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What happened at El-Alamein
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Germany was defeated by aif 9th division in Egypt
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Where is the kokoda trail
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Papa New Guinea
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When was the kokoda trail
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July-November 1942
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When did Germany surrender
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2nd May 1945
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Where did the USA drop atomic bombs?
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Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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When was Hiroshima hit
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6 august 1945
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Describe the landscape at the kokoda track
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Always wet from heavy rainfall, tropical climate, hot day cold night, no niches or root holds in trees, deep gullies. Slippery, muddy. Impenetrable jungle
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What food did the australians have (kokoda)
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Tinned/dried bully beef and sweet tea
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What food did the Japanese have (kokoda)
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Brought rise with them but run out. People would search the floor for any scraps of rice others has left behind.
Ate tinned ever that the shy alias had left out (they punctured holes in the Cana to make the net poisonous) drank from diseased creeks, ate poisonous fruits, bark and grass |
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Describe the conditions (kokoda) that men fought
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Disease - dysentery, extreme hunger -limited food, constantly on guard/ aware - snipers and bombs, sleep deprivation, lack of leadership, wet rain - trench foot
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Why was the water foul (kokoda)
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The water had bodies decaying in it and was poisoned by dysentery. (Japan had no way of purifying the water
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Explain "before a blow had been struck against them they had been conquered"
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Meaning the japan ever stood a chance of survival in the conditions of the track. They died of natural causes before they had a chance to be killed from the enemy. Lack of knowledge/supplies
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