Quiz#3

Front 1

How many bones are there in the human body?

Back 1

206

Front 2

What is the Diaphysis?

Back 2

The long portion of the bone, longer than it is wide.

Front 3

The skeletal system is comprised of 3 type of connective tissue

Back 3

Bones-hard elements of the skeleton
Ligaments-dense fiberous connective tissue that binds bones together
Cartilage-specialized connective tissue consisting primarily of fibers of collagen and elastic in a gel-like fluid called ground substance

Front 4

Epiphysis

Back 4

Enlarged nob at each end of a diaphysis

Front 5

Diaphysis

Back 5

Compact and spongy to store bone marrow and to be less weight.
-Kids have less Red Blood Cells

Front 6

Osteoblasts

Back 6

Builder lays down new bones

Front 7

Osteoclasts

Back 7

Bone destroyer, bone cutter

Front 8

Osteocytes

Back 8

Mature bone cytes

Front 9

Chondrocytes

Back 9

Cartilage cells

Front 10

What happens when bones develop?

Back 10

-Cartilage is made
-Ossification
-Growth plate left

Front 11

Ossification

Back 11

Cartilage to bone
-In order to grow
There is blood in bone tissue

Front 12

What allows bones to grow?

Back 12

-Growth Hormone
-Sex Hormone-growth spirts

Front 13

Bone Remodeling

Back 13

Change in the bone structure due to the change in activity
-walking for about a year will change your bones
-calcium and Vitamin D

Front 14

Blood clot results in....

Back 14

Hematoma

Front 15

Cartilagenous Callus

Back 15

Replaces the hole in the bone

Front 16

Bony Callus

Back 16

After it clots and cartilage replaces it
-Remodeling

Front 17

Osteoporosis

Back 17

Osteoclasts are working

Front 18

Sprain

Back 18

Streched or torn ligament. Often accompanied by internal bleeding and bruising and swelling

Front 19

Hormones

Back 19

After menopause womens' estrogen level goes down and they get more fractures

Front 20

Arthritis

Back 20

Joint inflammation

Front 21

How many joints are there in the human body?

Back 21

230

Front 22

Muscle Contractions

Back 22

Jerking sensation when you're trying to fall asleep

Front 23

What are the 5 arrangements of the sketal muscles

Back 23

-Origin
-Insertion
-Synergistic
-Antagonistic
-Tendons

Front 24

Origin

Back 24

The end of the muscle that is attached to the bone that does not move during muscle contraction
-Closest to the center

Front 25

Insertion

Back 25

The end of the muscle attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts.
-Further away from the body
-More mobile
-Often over a joint

Front 26

Synergistic

Back 26

work for a common function, work as a group

Front 27

Anatgonistic

Back 27

work opposite from another muscle
-Allows another muscle to relax

Front 28

Tendons

Back 28

A cord of dense fiberous connective tissue attaching muscle to the bone.

Front 29

Muscle Structure

Back 29

muscle>fascicle>muscle fiber cell>Myofibrils>Sarcomeres>Myofiaments

Front 30

Fascicle

Back 30

Muscle cell bundles

Front 31

Muscle fiber cell

Back 31

A single muscle strand. A connective tissue fiber is a thin strand of extracellular tissue.

Front 32

Myofibrils

Back 32

Makes up muscle cell/fiber

Front 33

Sarcomeres

Back 33

Contractile unit of a muscle, unit in the Myofibri

Front 34

Myofilament

Back 34

Proteins
-actin
-myosine

Front 35

Muscle Contraction

Back 35

_Sliding filament model
VERY IMPORTANT

Front 36

Where does the ATP come from?

Back 36

-Stored ATP only lasts 10 sec.
-Creatine phosphate w/ ATP last 45 sec.

Front 37

Muscle Relaxation

Back 37

-Nerves stop stimulation
-Calcium Sequestered(brought back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum)
-cross bridges(between myosin/actin) stop being formed

Front 38

Rigors Mortis

Back 38

When someone dies eventually ATP is used up, but cross bridges are still attached, making the body stiff bc there is no ATP to break cross-bridges apart

Front 39

Slow Twitch

Back 39

main use-endurance activites
Metabolism-aerobic
blood vesscles-more(for oxygen)
color-Red (dark meat)
Myoglobin-yes
Stored Glycogen-some
Mitochondria-more

Front 40

Fast Twitch

Back 40

main use-Quick burst of energy
Metabolism-mostly anaerobic
blood vesscles-less
color-white(white meat)
Myoglobin-NO
Stored Glycogen-more
Mitochondria-less

Front 41

aerobic training

Back 41

-Slow twitch fiber
-Biking running, swimming
Increases Endurance, blood vessels, mitochondria, myoglobin

Front 42

Anarobic training

Back 42

Fast Twitch Fiber
More strength, weight training, bulk up the cells you have not increase the number
Increases:
proteins, myofibrils, muscle strength, muscle mass, muscle size

Front 43

Cardiac Muscle

Back 43

Striations
Arrangement similar to skeletal muscle

Front 44

Smooth Muscle

Back 44

No Striations
Actin & Myosin on outside of cell

Front 45

Steriods

Back 45

-related to testosterone
-illegal if not perscribed
-bulks up muscle masss
-used by both males and females

Front 46

Muscular Dystrophy

Back 46

A group of inherited muscle-destroying diseases

Front 47

Tetanus/Botulism

Back 47

Produce potent chemical
Could kill the world with one pint; bad canning
Tetanus-lock jaw

Front 48

Muscle cramps/soreness

Back 48

Ion imbalance/sacromeres tear

Front 49

Fascitis

Back 49

Skeletal muscles, can inflame and the tissue doesn't heal. Most common in your foot

Front 50

What are the 3 functions of blood??

Back 50

Transportation-our matrix(plasma)
Regulation-your temperature plasma and platlets
Defense-white blood cells

Front 51

What 4 things make up the blood?

Back 51

red blood cells(44%)
Platlets and white blood cells (1%)
Plasma(55%)

Front 52

Where do formed elements come from?

Back 52

Red bone marrow

Front 53

Stem cells

Back 53

cells that are immature and indfferentiated

Front 54

Characteristic of red blood cells??

Back 54

Shape-dislike, very thin, able to fold
organelles-mature, have no organelles, no nucleus but still eukaryotic
Oxygen & CO2-oxygen binds to iron
Metabolism-anarobic
Hematocrit-a measure of red blood cells

Front 55

How many RBC do we make per second?

Back 55

2 million

Front 56

RBC Production

Back 56

-from red marrow
-old and worn out one removed by spleen and liver
-regulated eythropietin

Front 57

Eythropoietin

Back 57

Made by the kidney's stimulates RBC production in the bone. If oxygen gets low then the epo gets kicked out.

Front 58

Blood Doping

Back 58

Increase in hematocrit
-Extreme athletes use it to increase pressure.
-Your blood thickens and you can clog your artieries.

Front 59

RBC Problems

Back 59

Anemia-Low iron
Carbon monoside poisoning-takes oxygen from surface
-blood poisoning-bacteria gets into your blood
Sickle cell disease-Helps African's fight malaria

Front 60

White Blood Cells

Back 60

-helps cells to fight to stay clean
-made in red marrow
-nucleated
-can circulate and/or move into tissue
-most mobile cell

Front 61

White Blood Cell Classification....
Granulcytes

Back 61

-Short lived
-Neutrophils(60-70%)
-Esonophils(2-4%)
-Basophils(.5-1%)

Front 62

White Blood Cell Classification....
Agranurocytes

Back 62

Lack, w/out, long lived
-Monocytes(3-8%) Big cells w/ moonshaped nucleus
-Lymphocytes 20-25% small cells with large nucleus.

Front 63

White Blood Cell Specific Classification....
Neutrophils

Back 63

-Short lived (6-72 hrs.)
-most abundant
-nonspecific phagocytosis-cell eating, eats anything
-first to drive during inflammatory response
-move into tissue

Front 64

White Blood Cell Specific Classification...
Platelets(Thrombocytes)

Back 64

-Live 5-9 days
-fragments of megakaryocytes
-clogs blood
-regulated by thrombopoietin

Front 65

How do we clot our blood?

Back 65

-Blood vessile spasm
-platelet plug is formed
-blood clot forms
-Thrombin converts blood protein into fibrin

Front 66

Antigen

Back 66

Evoke an immune response

Front 67

Antibody

Back 67

proteins typically Y-shaped
-proteins made by your body in a response to an antigen.

Front 68

Blood type
A

Back 68

Antigen-A
Antibodies-B

Front 69

Blood type
B

Back 69

Antigen-B
Antibodies-A

Front 70

Blood type
AB

Back 70

Antigen-A&B
Antibodies-none

Front 71

Blood type
O

Back 71

Antigen-none
Antibodies-A &B

Front 72

Determination of blood types

Back 72

-Surface proteins(call antigens)
-presence of antibodies

Front 73

What is the most common donor?

Back 73

Blood type O

Front 74

Rh Blood Type

Back 74

Rh+-have D antigens
Rh- don't

Front 75

Rho GAM

Back 75

women are given drugs around 28 weeks. Injections D Antibodies, don't stay very long.

Front 76

Basophils

Back 76

-Live (3-72 hrs.)
-Role in inflmmatory
-carries Histamine
-very rare
White blood cell whose granules stain well with basic dye. It releases histamine and other substances during inflammation.

Front 77

Eosinophils

Back 77

-Not very common
-Live 8-12 days
-responses against parasitic infections(worms)
White blood cell
Attack parasites and function in allergic responses.

Front 78

Monocytes

Back 78

-Can live for several months
-Move into tissue-macrophages pick up and show to others.
-nonspecific phagocytosis

DOESN'T cause mono!

Front 79

Lymphocytes

Back 79

-Long lived(years even life time)
-Relatively common(40-50%)
-migrate into lymph nodes
-Made into B-cells, T-cells, and NK cells

Front 80

T-cells use

Back 80

Antibodies

Front 81

B-cells use

Back 81

an indirect action

Front 82

Diseases of WBC's

Back 82

-Leukemia-cancer of the white blood cells
-bone marrow filling up with nonfunctional cells
-mononucleosis

Front 83

Mononucleosis

Back 83

infects a lymphocyte
-basis of the immune system