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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How does child speech differ from that of an adult |
Child will speak at a slower rate and there are more variability. They will have less Coarticulation (blending) and more segmental errors (phoneme errors) |
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When do babies start hearing and what sounds are the hearing? |
They start hearing at about 20 weeks of gestation in the here lower frequencies like vowel sounds |
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What is included in the category of super segmentals |
Stress intonation loudness pitch |
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What are the five reasons we need to understand typical speech sound acquisition? |
1. Referrals ( know when it's appropriate to make one) 2. Assessment tools ( what test do we need to do) 3. Comparing data collected(to what we would expect 4. Appropriate target (better idea of where to start 5. Dismissal ( have we been able to give them appropriate speech for their age) |
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In the foundations for speech what are the three things the infant is working on |
To modify which is the breathing for speech, control there articulator, and coordinate |
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What disadvantages do newborns have with speech |
Articulators:Their speech mechanisms are fully formed. Cortex:The the two hemispheres of the brain are communicating well. Myelin:They having an an effective system because of the lack of myelin for their neurons. Reflexive speech:Their speeches mostly reflexive meaning they don't have a lot of control. Change:There's a lot of a change occurring |
There are 5 |
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What is reflexive vocalization |
Crying grunting and hiccuping any vegetative sounds |
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What are some of the vocal developmental milestones between 6 to 12 months and when specifically do they occur? |
Reduplicative babbling like baba or mama which happens around 6 months Variegated babbling (majiyo) 9 months First word around one year |
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What are we looking for to make sure that it's the infant's first word |
We look for it to be similar to the adult form that has a clear reference and its stable. Can be invented or created sometimes referred to a protoword on the kids have to be used consistently and has to have phonetically consistent forms |
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When does the child start doing word combinations or about how many words do they start doing work combinations? |
18 months or at around 50 words |
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What are phonological processes and give some examples of each |
Fronting: tar instead of car Final consonant deletion: ba for ball Liquid gliding: yewow instead of yellow Cluster reduction:bu for blue Assimilation: lellow for yellow Reduplication: baba for bottle Weak syllable deletion: Nana for banana Deaffrication: she's for cheese Stopping: ton for Sun Depalatization: fis for fish |
There are 10 maybe 11 |
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What are some of the struggles for a child in phase 2 which is transitioning from words to speech? |
Consonants:Their limited production of consonants Syllable shape:Limited inventory of syllable shapes and sounds being used Variables:Their significant variability between children Phonological processes:Common error patterns called phonological processes |
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What is phonemic principle mean |
Understanding aspects of the actual phoneme |
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In phase 3 what are the things that occur and what is the age range? |
Growth of inventory Multi syllable words Child is much more intelligible Huge change in production of speech 2-5 years old |
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How do you calculate what a child's intelligibility should be at? |
Age/4= how intelligible they should be to a stranger |
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At what age do children master all individual speech sounds in English? |
9 years old |
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What are is the order children typically learn phonemes? |
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Early 8, middle 8 and late 8 |
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What are the steps in how children learn a cluster? |
Omit( bead for bread) Substitute (bwead for bread) Correct (bread) |
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When are vowels mastered for children? |
3 years old Rhotic vowels around 5 or 6 5 years mastered vowels in connected speech |
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What are the 3 stages of perception |
Doesn't notice contrast Aware but can't produce Perception matches production (May not happen till puberty) |
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When does intonation appear? |
The prelingual phase |
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What phonological process do we still see in stage three? |
Unstressed syllable deletion |
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What happens in stage 4 |
Mastery of speech and literacy Fully adult like speech achieved after puberty |
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What is the key parts about reading and writing skills |
There is a link between reading writing and speech There is a relationship between early speech and reading skills |
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What is phonological awareness and what are children able to do with it? |
Understanding that Ward consist of smaller units Children mentally able to manipulate by: Rhyming: mat sat cat Syllable phoneme segmentation (Water= wa_ ter) Syllable phoneme deletion (Watermelon-melon = water) Blending (ch and air= chair) Children play with this early but this is under stage 4) |
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What factors influence speech sound acquisition |
Girls are typically faster than boys but boys catch up Socioeconomic status Language development: if the child has problems learning a language that they can have problems wedding speeches well and vice versa Individual variability |
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What goes into speech production |
Breath support Phonation Resonance Articulation Sensory Neurological |
6 |
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What is the difference between language and speech |
Speech are the sounds that come out of your mouth and language are the combinations of morphemes that we formulated in her mind |
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What are the three parameters used for categorizing consonants |
Where the sound is produced or place How the sound is produced or manner Is the sound voiced or not voiced |
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What are Stark stages of early vocal development |
One. Reflexive 0 - 2 months: vegetative sounds sustain crying fussy quasi-resonant nuclei 2. Controlled phonation 1 - 4 months: fully resonant nuclei raspberries clicking athletic consonants chuckle Sister and laughter 3. Expansion 3 - 8 months: isolated Bell 2 or more valves in a row Val gliding aggressive sounds squealing marginal babbling 4. Basic canonical syllables 5 - 10 months: single consonant vowel syllable canonical babbling whisper productions consonant vowel combinations fall by contrast and I syllables 5. Advanced forms 9 - 18 months complex syllables diphthongs jargoning |
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What are oller's views on infant vocalization? |
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What word Jacobson's views on babbling |
He believed thought it was phonemic poverty and that babbling was more like wild sounds. His views have been rejected by more current research |
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