Quiz For Nov. 9

Front 1

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

Back 1

produce lymphocytes

filter blood and lymph to remove microorganisms

Front 2

What is Lymphadenitis?

What does it indicate?

Back 2

inflammation of the lymph nodes (makes them large and tender)

Indicates that microorganisms are being trapped in the lymph nodes.

Front 3

What is lymphangitis?

where are the signs?

Back 3

Inflammation of the lymph vessels that produce visible red streaks in the skin

The streaks extend away from the infection site.

Front 4

What is septicemia?

Back 4

blood poisoning. Microorganisms have passed through the lymphatic vessels and nodes into the bloodstream

Front 5

What bacteria causes bubonic plague?

Back 5

Yersinia pestis

Front 6

Describe how someone would get bubonic plague

Back 6

the rat flea (xenopsylla) bites the human (so the rat is the source)

Front 7

Describe how bubonic plague makes someone sick.

Back 7

bacteria localize in lymph nodes and make them enlarge.
(Typically the inguinal nodes)
The bacteria enter blood, multiply and infect tissues throughout the body with rapid death in 70-90% of those infected (that go without treatment)

Front 8

What is lymphedema?

Back 8

abnormal accumulation of lymph in tissues, often the upper or lower limbs due to disruption of lymph flow.

Front 9

What is primary lymphedema?

Back 9

developmental defect that generally affects the lower limbs.

can arise at any time in life

occurs primarily in women 70-90%

some inherited

Front 10

What is Milroy syndrome?

Back 10

Hereditary lymphedema type I

proliferation of lymph vessels but not blood vessels

Front 11

What happens in Milroy syndrome?

Back 11

mutations of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 gene on chromosome 5.

Front 12

Describe secondary lymphedema

Back 12

caused by a disease or another pathologic condition that affects an otherwise normal lymph system.

Most commonly caused by certain cancer treatments (US)

parasitic infection--elephantiasis--caused by Wuchereria bancrofti roundworm

Front 13

Describe what the wuchereria bancrofti does in secondary lymphedema

Back 13

adult worms get lodged in lymph vessels and block the flow of lymph

There is a permanant accumulation of fluid in interstitial space and lymphatic vessels

permanent swelling and enlargement of a limb (hence elephantiasis)

Lays eggs that go in the blood and can be transferred to other people via mosquitos

Front 14

What is a lymphoma?

Back 14

a neoplasm of lymphatic tissue

Front 15

What are the 2 types of lymphomas?

Back 15

Hodgkin disease

Non-hodgkin's lymphomas

Front 16

Describe a lymphoma?

Back 16

starts as an enlarged, painless mass of lymph nodes.

The immune system gets depressed and the person is more susceptible to infections

The increased size of the nodes can cause complications by compressing surrounding structures.

drugs and radiation usually work

Front 17

What are hypersensitivity reactions?

Back 17

similar to immune reactions

must be exposed to antigen and have an antibody or cell mediated (or both) response

If you become immune later exposure to antigen is eliminated by immune response with no symptoms

But if you have a hypersensitive reaction then the antigen is the allergen

The body tries to get rid of it like a normal immune response but can have undesirable and exaggerated side effects (like mad inflammation)

Front 18

What are the two categories of hypersensitivity reactions?

Back 18

Immediate or Delayed

Front 19

What are the 4 types of immediate hypersensitivity

Back 19

atopy

anaphylaxis

cytotoxic reactions

Immune complex disease

Front 20

What is atopy?

Back 20

localized IgE-mediated hypersensitivity

Front 21

What's the deal with hay fever?

Back 21

plant pollens get inhaled and absorbed through respiratory mucosa.

The atopy reaction is a local inflammatory response produces swelling of the mucosa and excess mucus production.

Front 22

How is asthma an atopy hypersensitivity reaction?

Back 22

allergens stimulate the release of leukotrienes and histamine in bronchioles, causing constriction and dyspnea

Front 23

What is another word for hives and what are they?

Back 23

uticaria

skin rash with localized swelling caused from ingested allergens.

Front 24

Describe anaphylaxis

Back 24

systematic IgE-mediated reaction following introduction of allergen like drugs or insect stings.

mast cells and basophils release chemicals that cause systemic vasodialiation, drop in BP and cardiac failure

Symptoms of hay fever, asthma and hives can show up too

Front 25

what types of antibodies are involved in cytotoxic reactions?

Back 25

IgG or IgM mediated

Front 26

What happens to the cell displaying an antigen on its surface in a cytotoxic reaction?

Is this a good thing or a bad thing?

Back 26

IgG or IgM binds to antigen, activates a complement cycle and the cell gets lysed.

good if it happens to a bacteria cell

bad if it happens to a human cell (like blood transfusion reactions or autoimmune disease)

Front 27

What is immune complex disease?

Back 27

Activation of too many immune complexes which causes complement to go and cause acute inflammatory response.

Complement rallies neutrophils and neutrophils release lysosomal enzymes that damage tissues.

Front 28

What tissue is damaged in immune complex disease?

Back 28

usually small blood vessels because the immune complexes become lodged and cause necrosis

Front 29

What are some examples of immune complex diseases?

Back 29

serum sickness

autoimmune diseases

chronic graft rejection

Arthus reactions

Front 30

What is an Arthus reaction?

Back 30

A localized immune complex reaction

Think of tetnus shot and how it injects alot of antigens in one spot. Causes acute, localized inflammatory response , neutrofil infiltration and necrosis

Front 31

What is serum sickness?

Back 31

A systemic arthus reaction causing antibody-antigen complexes to circulate and lodge in many different tissues.