Quiz 7

Front 1

balan/o

Back 1

glans penis

Front 2

epididym/o

Back 2

epididymis

Front 3

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o

Back 3

testis or testicle

Front 4

perine/o

Back 4

perineum

Front 5

prostat/o

Back 5

prostate

Front 6

sperm/o, spermat/o

Back 6

sperm (seed)

Front 7

vas/o

Back 7

vessel

Front 8

scrotum

Back 8

skin-covered pouch in the groin divided into two sacs, each containing a testis and an epididymis

Front 9

testis
testicle

Back 9

one of the two male reproductive glands, located in the scrotum, that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone

Front 10

sperm
spermatozoon

Back 10

male gamete or sex cell produced in the testes that unites with the ovum in the female to produce offspring

Front 11

epididymis

Back 11

coiled duct on the top and at the side of the testis that stores sperm before emission

Front 12

penis

Back 12

erectile tissue covered with skin that contains the urethra for urination and the ducts for secretion of seminal fluid (semen)

Front 13

glans penis

Back 13

bulging structure at the distal end of the penis (glans = acorn)

Front 14

prepuce

Back 14

foreskin; loose casing that covers the glans penis; removed by circumcision

Front 15

vas deferens

Back 15

duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct (vas = vessel; deferens = carrying away)

Front 16

seminal vesicle

Back 16

one of two sac-like structures behind the bladder and connected to the vas deferens on each side; secretes an alkaline substance into the semen to enable the sperm to live longer

Front 17

semen

Back 17

a mixture of the secretions of the testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands discharged from the male urethra during orgasm (semen = seed)

Front 18

ejaculatory duct

Back 18

duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra

Front 19

prostate gland

Back 19

trilobular gland that encircles the urethra just below the bladder and secretes an alkaline fluid into the semen (pro = before; stat = to stand)

Front 20

bulbourethral glands
Cowper glands

Back 20

pair of glands below the prostate, with ducts opening into the urethra, that adds a viscid (sticky) fluid to the semen

Front 21

perineum

Back 21

external region between the scrotum and anus in a male and between the vulva and anus in a female

Front 22

aspermia

Back 22

inability to secrete or ejaculate sperm

Front 23

azoospermia

Back 23

semen without living spermatozoa; a sign of infertility in a male (zoo = life)

Front 24

oligospermia

Back 24

scanty production and expulsion of sperm

Front 25

mucopurulent discharge

Back 25

drainage of mucus and pus

Front 26

anorchism

Back 26

absence of one or both testes

Front 27

balanitis

Back 27

inflammation of the glans penis

Front 28

cryptorchism
cryptorchidism

Back 28

undescended testicle, or failure of a testis to descend into the scrotal sac during fetal development; the testis most often remains lodged in the abdomen or inguinal canal, requiring surgical repair (crypt = to hide)

Front 29

epididymitis

Back 29

inflammation of the epididymis

Front 30

erectile dysfunction (ED)

Back 30

failure to initiate or maintain an erection until ejaculation because of physical or psychologic dysfunction; formerly termed impotence (im = not; potis = able)

Front 31

hydrocele

Back 31

hernia of fluid in the testis or in the tubes leading from the testis

Front 32

hypospadias

Back 32

congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis (spadias = to draw away)

Front 33

Peyronie disease

Back 33

disorder characterized by a buildup of hardened fibrous tissue in the corpus cavernosum, causing pain and a defective curvature of the penis, especially during erection

Front 34

phimosis

Back 34

a narrowed condition of the prepuce (foreskin) resulting in its inability to be drawn over the glans penis, often leading to infection; commonly requires circumcision (phimo = muzzle)

Front 35

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

Back 35

enlargement of the prostate gland, common in older men, causing urinary obstruction

Front 36

prostate cancer

Back 36

malignancy of the prostate gland

Front 37

prostatitis

Back 37

inflammation of the prostate

Front 38

spermatocele

Back 38

painless, benign cystic mass containing sperm lying above and posterior to, but separate from, the testicle

Front 39

testicular cancer

Back 39

malignant tumor in one or both testicles commonly developing from the germ cells that produce sperm; classified in two groups according to growth potential

Front 40

seminoma

Back 40

most common type of testicular tumor, composed of immature germ cells; highly treatable with early detection

Front 41

nonseminoma

Back 41

testicular tumor arising from more mature germ cells; these tumors have a tendency to be more aggressive than seminomas and often develop earlier in life; includes choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, and yolk sac tumors

Front 42

varicocele

Back 42

enlarged, swollen, herniated veins near the testis (varico = twisted vein)

Front 43

cervic/o

Back 43

neck or cervix

Front 44

colp/o, vagin/o

Back 44

vagina (sheath)

Front 45

episi/o, vulv/o

Back 45

vulva (covering)

Front 46

gynec/o

Back 46

woman

Front 47

hyster/o, metr/o, uter/o

Back 47

uterus

Front 48

lact/o

Back 48

milk

Front 49

mast/o, mamm/o

Back 49

breast

Front 50

men/o

Back 50

menstruation

Front 51

obstetr/o

Back 51

midwife

Front 52

oophor/o, ovari/o

Back 52

ovary

Front 53

ov/i, ov/o

Back 53

egg

Front 54

pelv/i

Back 54

pelvis (basin); hip bone

Front 55

salping/o

Back 55

uterine (fallopian) tube; also, eustachian tube

Front 56

toc/o

Back 56

labor or birth

Front 57

-arche (suffix)

Back 57

beginning

Front 58

uterus

Back 58

womb; a pear-shaped organ in the pelvic cavity in which the embryo and fetus develops

Front 59

fundus

Back 59

upper portion of the uterus above the entry to the uterine tubes

Front 60

endometrium

Back 60

lining of the uterus, which is shed approximately every 28 to 30 days in a nonpregnant female during menstruation

Front 61

myometrium

Back 61

muscular wall of the uterus

Front 62

uterine tubes
fallopian tubes

Back 62

tubes extending from each side of the uterus toward the ovary that provide a passage for ova to the uterus

Front 63

adnexa

Back 63

uterine tubes and ovaries (uterine appendages)

Front 64

right uterine appendage

Back 64

right tube and ovary

Front 65

left uterine appendage

Back 65

left tube and ovary

Front 66

ovary

Back 66

one of two glands located on each side of the pelvic cavity that produce ova and female sex hormones

Front 67

cervix

Back 67

neck of the uterus

Front 68

cervical os

Back 68

opening of the cervix to the uterus

Front 69

vagina

Back 69

tubular passageway from the cervix to the outside of the body

Front 70

vulva

Back 70

external genitalia of the female

Front 71

labia

Back 71

folds of tissue on either side of the vaginal opening; known as the labia majora and labia minora

Front 72

clitoris

Back 72

female erectile tissue in the anterior portion of the vulva

Front 73

hymen

Back 73

fold of mucous membrane that encircles the entrance to the vagina

Front 74

introitus

Back 74

entrance to the vagina

Front 75

Bartholin glands

Back 75

two glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete a lubricant during intercourse

Front 76

perineum

Back 76

region between the vulva and anus

Front 77

mammary glands

Back 77

two glands in the female breasts that are capable of producing milk

Front 78

mammary papilla

Back 78

nipple

Front 79

areola

Back 79

dark-pigmented area around the nipple

Front 80

embryo

Back 80

the developing organism from fertilization to the end of the eighth week

Front 81

fetus

Back 81

the developing organism from the ninth week to birth

Front 82

placenta

Back 82

vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy to provide nourishment for the fetus (placenta = cake)

Front 83

amnion
amniotic sac

Back 83

innermost of the membranes surrounding the embryo in the uterus, filled with amniotic fluid

Front 84

amniotic fluid

Back 84

fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus

Front 85

meconium

Back 85

intestinal discharges of the fetus that form the first stools in the newborn

Front 86

amenorrhea

Back 86

absence of menstruation

Front 87

dysmenorrhea

Back 87

painful menstruation

Front 88

oligomenorrhea

Back 88

scanty menstrual period

Front 89

anovulation

Back 89

absence of ovulation

Front 90

dyspareunia

Back 90

painful intercourse (coitus) (dys = painful; para = alongside of; eunia = bed)

Front 91

leukorrhea

Back 91

abnormal white or yellow vaginal discharge

Front 92

menorrhagia

Back 92

excessive bleeding at the time of menstruation (menses)

Front 93

metrorrhagia

Back 93

bleeding from the uterus at any time other than normal menstruation

Front 94

oligo-ovulation

Back 94

irregular ovulation

Front 95

gravida

Back 95

a pregnant woman; gravida followed by a number indicates the number of pregnancies

Front 96

nulligravida

Back 96

having never been pregnant

Front 97

primigravida

Back 97

first pregnancy

Front 98

para

Back 98

to bear; a woman who has produced one or more viable (live outside the uterus) offspring; para followed by a number indicates the number of times a pregnancy has resulted in a single or multiple birth

Front 99

nullipara

Back 99

a woman who has not borne a child (nulli = none; para = to bear)

Front 100

primipara

Back 100

first delivery (primi = first; para = to bear)

Front 101

multipara

Back 101

a woman who has given birth to two or more children
(multi = many; para = to bear)

Front 102

cervical effacement

Back 102

progressive obliteration of the endocervical canal during delivery

Front 103

estimated date of confinement (EDC)
estimated date of delivery (EDD)

Back 103

expected date for delivery of the baby; normally 280 days or 40 weeks from last menstrual period (LMP)

Front 104

meconium staining

Back 104

presence of meconium in amniotic fluid

Front 105

ruptured membranes

Back 105

rupture of the amniotic sac, usually at onset of labor

Front 106

macrosomia

Back 106

large-bodied baby commonly seen in diabetic pregnancies (macro = large; soma = body)

Front 107

polyhydramnios

Back 107

excessive amniotic fluid

Front 108

abortion (AB)

Back 108

expulsion of the products of conception before the fetus is viable (able to live outside the uterus)

Front 109

spontaneous abortion (SAB)

Back 109

miscarriage; naturally occurring expulsion of the products of conception

Front 110

habitual abortion

Back 110

spontaneous abortion occurring in three or more consecutive pregnancies

Front 111

incomplete abortion

Back 111

incomplete expulsion of the products of conception

Front 112

missed abortion

Back 112

death of a fetus or embryo within the uterus that is not naturally expelled after death

Front 113

threatened abortion

Back 113

bleeding with the threat of miscarriage

Front 114

cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD

Back 114

condition preventing normal delivery through the birth canal; either the baby's head is too large or the birth canal is too small

Front 115

eclampsia

Back 115

true toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, severe headaches, dizziness, convulsions, and coma

Front 116

preeclampsia
pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH)

Back 116

toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, and puffiness of the face, without convulsion or coma

Front 117

ectopic pregnancy

Back 117

implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity, often in the tube or ovary, or, rarely, in the abdominal cavity

Front 118

erythroblastosis fetalis

Back 118

disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with an Rh-positive blood factor and a mother with an Rh-negative blood factor, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus; this condition necessitates a blood transfusion to save the fetus

Front 119

Rh factor

Back 119

presence, or lack, of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and the fetus, resulting in fetal anemia, which causes erythroblastosis fetalis

Front 120

Rh positive

Back 120

presence of antigens

Front 121

Rh negative

Back 121

absence of antigens

Front 122

hyperemesis gravidarum

Back 122

severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in the mother and fetus (emesis = vomit)

Front 123

meconium aspiration

Back 123

fetal aspiration of amniotic fluid containing meconium

Front 124

placenta previa

Back 124

displaced attachment of the placenta in the lower region of the uterine cavity

Front 125

abruptio placentae

Back 125

premature detachment of a normally situated placenta

Front 126

adenocarcinoma of the breast

Back 126

malignant tumor of glandular breast tissue

Front 127

amastia

Back 127

absence of a breast

Front 128

fibrocystic breasts

Back 128

benign condition of the breast consisting of fibrous and cystic changes that render the tissue more dense; patient feels painful lumps that fluctuate with menstrual periods

Front 129

gynecomastia

Back 129

development of mammary glands in the male caused by altered hormone levels

Front 130

hypermastia
macromastia

Back 130

abnormally large breasts

Front 131

hypomastia
micromastia

Back 131

unusually small breasts

Front 132

mastitis

Back 132

inflammation of the breast; most commonly occurs in women who are breastfeeding

Front 133

polymastia

Back 133

presence of more than two breasts

Front 134

polythelia
supernumerary nipples

Back 134

presence of more than one nipple on a breast

Front 135

cervicitis

Back 135

inflammation of the cervix

Front 136

congenital anomalies
congenital irregularities

Back 136

birth defects that cause abnormal development of an organ or a structure (e.g., double uterus or absent vagina)

Front 137

dermoid cyst

Back 137

congenital tumor composed of displaced embryonic tissue (teeth, bone, cartilage, and hair); typically found in an ovary and usually benign

Front 138

displacement of uterus

Back 138

displacement of the uterus from its normal position

Front 139

anteflexion

Back 139

abnormal forward bending of the uterus (ante = before; flexus = bend)

Front 140

retroflexion

Back 140

abnormal backward bending of the uterus

Front 141

retroversion

Back 141

backward turn of the whole uterus; also called tipped uterus

Front 142

endometriosis

Back 142

condition characterized by migration of portions of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity

Front 143

endometritis

Back 143

inflammation of the endometrium

Front 144

fibroid
fibromyoma
leiomyoma

Back 144

benign tumor in the uterus composed of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue

Front 145

fistula

Back 145

abnormal passage, such as from one hollow organ to another (fistula = pipe)

Front 146

rectovaginal fistula

Back 146

abnormal opening between the vagina and rectum

Front 147

vesicovaginal fistula

Back 147

abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina

Front 148

cervical neoplasia

Back 148

abnormal development of cervical tissue cells

Front 149

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
cervical dysplasia

Back 149

potentially cancerous abnormality of epithelial tissue of the cervix, graded according to the extent of abnormal cell formation:
CIN-1: mild dysplasia
CIN-2: moderate dysplasia
CIN-3: severe dysplasia

Front 150

carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the cervix

Back 150

malignant cell changes of the cervix that are localized, without any spread to adjacent structures

Front 151

menopause

Back 151

cessation of menstrual periods caused by lack of ovarian hormones

Front 152

oophoritis

Back 152

inflammation of one or both ovaries

Front 153

parovarian cyst

Back 153

cyst of the uterine tube (fallopian tube)

Front 154

pelvic adhesions

Back 154

scarring of tissue within the pelvic cavity resulting from endometriosis, infection, or injury

Front 155

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Back 155

inflammation of organs in the pelvic cavity; usually includes the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and endometrium; most often caused by bacteria

Front 156

pelvic floor relaxation

Back 156

relaxation of supportive ligaments of the pelvic organs

Front 157

cystocele

Back 157

pouching of the bladder into the vagina

Front 158

rectocele

Back 158

pouching of the rectum into the vagina

Front 159

enterocele

Back 159

pouching sac of peritoneum between the vagina and the rectum

Front 160

urethrocele

Back 160

pouching of the urethra into the vagina

Front 161

prolapse

Back 161

descent of the uterus down the vaginal canal

Front 162

salpingitis

Back 162

inflammation of a fallopian tube

Front 163

vaginitis

Back 163

inflammation of the vagina with redness, swelling, and irritation; often caused by a specific organism, such as Candida (yeast) or Trichomonas (a sexually transmitted parasite)

Front 164

atrophic vaginitis

Back 164

thinning of the vagina and loss of moisture because of depletion of estrogen, which causes inflammation of tissue

Front 165

vaginosis

Back 165

infection of the vagina, with little or no inflammation, characterized by a milk-like discharge and an unpleasant odor; also known as nonspecific vaginitis