Quiz 5, Lecture 12+13

Front 1

Fibrous joints:

Back 1

1. fibrous CT
2. LEAST moveable

Front 2

Sutures:

Back 2

-fibrous joint
-made of CT w/thick collagen fibers

Front 3

Syndesmoses:

Back 3

-fibrous joint
-longer fibers, interosseous membranes

Front 4

Cartilaginous joints:

Back 4

-more mobile than fibrous joints
-most in the mid-line

Front 5

Synchondroses:

Back 5

-cartilaginous joint
-Hyaline cartilage
-Costal cartilage
-Articular cartilage

Front 6

Symphyses:

Back 6

-cartilaginous joint
-Hyaline + Fibrocartilage
-located in :
1. intervertebral discs
2. pubic symphysis

Front 7

Synovial (diarthroses):

Back 7

most freely movable joints

Front 8

Joint capsule:

Back 8

-fibrous CT
-synovical membrane
-joint cavity

Front 9

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Back 9

lubrication

Front 10

Seasmoid bones:

Back 10

-act as pulleys
-guide muscle movement

Front 11

bursae:

Back 11

-extension of joint capsule
-help tendons to glide over joint

Front 12

What is the function of articular discs/menisci?

Back 12

1. cushioning
2. absorb weight

Front 13

Sagittal plane:

Back 13

-mostly flexion & extension

Front 14

Frontal/coronal plane:

Back 14

mostly abduction/adduction

Front 15

Transverse plane:

Back 15

mostly rotation

Front 16

Joint axis:

Back 16

line around which rotation occurs

Front 17

range of motion:

Back 17

amount of motion allowed at a joint

Front 18

planar-

Back 18

sliding joints
ex:
1. clavicle
2. carpals
3. tarsals

Front 19

uniaxial:

Back 19

one joint axis

Front 20

biaxial:

Back 20

ellipsoid or saddle
ex:
1. radiocarpal
2. proximal thumb joint

Front 21

multiaxial:

Back 21

ball & socket
ex: shoulder and hip

Front 22

scapula:

Back 22

movements: elevation, depression, rotation, protraction, retraction

Front 23

glenohumeral:

Back 23

movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation

Front 24

humeroulnar joint:

Back 24

movements:
1. flexion (decrease angle)
2. extension

Front 25

radioulnar joint:

Back 25

movements:
1. pronation
2. supanation

Front 26

wrist:

Back 26

flexion, extension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation

Front 27

fingers:

Back 27

flexion, extension, abduct, adduct, opposition (thumb)

Front 28

clavicle:

Back 28

-only bony attachment in body
-intramembranous ossification
-extends from sternum to acromion
-most commonly broken

Front 29

sternoclavicular joint:

Back 29

-where clavicle articulates w/manubrium
-can move anteriorly and superiorly
-fibrocartilage
-gliding joint

Front 30

Scapula:

Back 30

-between ribs
-posterior part of rib cage b/w ribs 2 & 7
-anterior surface touches rib cage
-triangular

Front 31

glenohumeral joint:

Back 31

-most mobile joint in the body
-labrum helps hold it in place

Front 32

4 legged animals don't have:

Back 32

clavicle because they are built for motion

Front 33

In the humerus, the trochlea is:

Back 33

medial

Front 34

In the humerus the capitulum is:

Back 34

lateral

Front 35

How many joints in the elbow?

Back 35

3 joints

Front 36

Capitulum articulates with:

Back 36

radius to allow for pronation and supanation

Front 37

2 radioulnar joints:

Back 37

proximal and distal, allow for pronation and supanation

Front 38

Interosseous membrane lies b/w:

Back 38

bones

Front 39

Wrist contains:

Back 39

8 bones with little motion

Front 40

In pronation, the radius and ulna:

Back 40

cross

Front 41

Most motion in the wrist is through:

Back 41

radiocarpal joint

Front 42

Carpals have:

Back 42

very little motion

Front 43

Palm contains:

Back 43

5 bones

Front 44

Carpometacarpal joint:

Back 44

abduction and adduction

Front 45

Pelvic girdle:

Back 45

-attaches lower limb to axial skeleton and supports viscera
-does not move
-built for stability

Front 46

Movements of the hip:

Back 46

-flexion, extension, abduct, adduct, external + internal rotation

Front 47

Movements of the knee:

Back 47

-flexion, extension, tiny rotation (knee locks)

Front 48

Movements of the ankle:

Back 48

-dorsi flexion: point toes up
-plantar flexion: point toes down
-inversion
-eversion

Front 49

Movements of the toe:

Back 49

-flexion
-extension
-abduction
-adduction

Front 50

Nutation:

Back 50

pelvis moving on sacrum

Front 51

3 main ossification centers (innominate or coxcal bones that form pelvis):

Back 51

1. ilium
2. pubis
3. ischium

Front 52

False pelvis:

Back 52

enclosed by ilium

Front 53

True pelvis:

Back 53

-contains hole infant passes through
-wider in women

Front 54

Sacrotuberous ligament:

Back 54

located in Ischial tuberosity

Front 55

Sacrospinous ligament:

Back 55

located in ischial spine

Front 56

In the hip joint, the ball is the :

Back 56

head of femur

Front 57

In the hip joint, the socket is:

Back 57

acetabulum of pelvis

Front 58

Hip joint contains:

Back 58

-fibrocartilage pad
-deeper ball and socket
-deep acetabalum (all 3 oss. centers contribute)

Front 59

Femur:

Back 59

-largest bone in the body
-hard to dislocate
-has long neck
-has condyles that form knee joint
-has ligament with a dimple called fovea

Front 60

Knee:

Back 60

-most complex joint in the body
-most injured, unstable

Front 61

Menisci:

Back 61

-fibrocartilagenous pad
-absorbs force w/in knee

Front 62

ligaments in knee:

Back 62

-6 ligaments in knee
-limit motion

Front 63

popliteal:

Back 63

posterior ligament in knee

Front 64

collateral ligament:

Back 64

medial (attached to medial meniscus)and lateral ligaments i knee, on sides of condyles, stop tibia from swinging

Front 65

cruciates:

Back 65

anterior & posterior, b/w condyles, cross over each other, contained w/in joint capsule, stop tibia from moving away from femur like a drawer

Front 66

patella:

Back 66

-acts to make a larger moment arm for the quadriceps muscles
-can get dislocated due to tracking (medial, laterally)

Front 67

talus:

Back 67

-part of ankle
-allows for dorsi/plantarflexion

Front 68

calcaneus:

Back 68

-part of ankle
-very strong, forms heel

Front 69

transverse tarsal and subtalar joints:

Back 69

allow for inversion and eversion

Front 70

arches:

Back 70

transverse and longitudinal: help in walking by cushioning and storing energy

Front 71

Plantar aponeurosis:

Back 71

-arch
-sole of foot

Front 72

Long plantar ligament:

Back 72

-extends from calcaneus to cuboid
-3 metatarsals

Front 73

Short plantar ligament:

Back 73

-calcaneous, cuboid

Front 74

Spring ligament:

Back 74

-calcaneus to navicular

Front 75

Muscles:

Back 75

-locomotion
-digestion
-vision & hearing
-support
-circulation
-thermoregulation
-ALWAYS PULL

Front 76

Characteristics of muscle:

Back 76

1. Contractility
2. Excitability
3. Extensibility
4. Elasticitity

Front 77

Conractility:

Back 77

-get shorter, generating force
-active

Front 78

Excitability:

Back 78

-stimulated by nerves to contract
-exception: heart, excitable among itself

Front 79

Extensibility:

Back 79

- can be stretched back to resting length

Front 80

Elasticity:

Back 80

-recoil
-when stretched past resting length, they'll recoil
-like a "spring"

Front 81

Skeletal muscles:

Back 81

- voluntary
-associated with bones and cartilage
-striated: myoblasts join to form muscle fiber

Front 82

Muscle fiber:

Back 82

-multinucleate

Front 83

Sarcolemma:

Back 83

cell membrane

Front 84

Myofibrils:

Back 84

collection of thick and thin fibers
-cause striation
-80% of cytoplasm

Front 85

Myofibrils consists of:

Back 85

1. sarcomere
2. actin
3. myosin

Front 86

Sarcomere:

Back 86

functional unit of myofibrils that contracts, repeating elements of myofibrils, bound by z-discs

Front 87

Actin:

Back 87

-thin fibers

Front 88

Myosin:

Back 88

-thick fibers

Front 89

Origin:

Back 89

tendonous CT attachment, fuse with periosteum

Front 90

Belly:

Back 90

muscle tissue

Front 91

Insertion:

Back 91

tendonous CT attachment, fuse with periosteum

Front 92

Connective tissue sheaths:

Back 92

1. epimysium
2. perimysium
3. endomysium

Front 93

Epimysium:

Back 93

surrounds whole muscle

Front 94

Perimysium:

Back 94

surrounds fascicles

Front 95

Endomysium:

Back 95

surrounds sarcolemma

Front 96

Parallel fibers:

Back 96

in:
1. strap muscle
2. fusiform muscle
-parallel to line that goes from origin to insertion, parallel to line of action

Front 97

Angled fibers:

Back 97

-angled to line of action
-pennate

Front 98

Motor unit:

Back 98

motor neuron and muscle fiber it innervates
-all or nothing
-regulation of force is by changing number of motor units used
-all muscle fibers shorten, but only stimulated ones generate a force

Front 99

Prime mover:

Back 99

main muscle for an action

Front 100

All movements require:

Back 100

more than 1 muscle

Front 101

Antagonists perform:

Back 101

opposite action

Front 102

Synergists perform:

Back 102

same action

Front 103

Isotonic contraction:

Back 103

shortening (aka concentric)
-muscle contracts (molecular level) + shortens

Front 104

Isometric contraction:

Back 104

no length change
-contraction, length stays same
ex: trying to move heavy object but enough force isn't generated

Front 105

Eccentric contraction:

Back 105

-lengthening
-contraction, muscle lengthens

Front 106

What affects muscle performance?

Back 106

1. muscle fiber length
2. fiber number

Front 107

muscle fiber length:

Back 107

Longer fibers generate a similar force over a greater distance

Front 108

Fiber number:

Back 108

increase cross sectional area, increase force
-pennate: pack more fibers, generate more force to save material ex: deltoid