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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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passive transport - Osmosis Osmotic pressure |
The pressure needed to stop the movement of water across the membrane (into the solute-containing solution) |
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isotonic solution |
[solute] outside cell = [solute] inside cell Net movement of water = equals out |
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Hypotonic solutions |
[Solute] lower outside of cell Net movement = into cell - swelling contained by the cell wall - if can't contain, cells burst (osmotic lysis) |
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Hypertonic solutions |
[solute] higher outside of cell - net water movement = out of cell - shrinkage of cytoplasm away from cell wall (plasmolysis) - leads to cell death |
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Active transport and its |
cells use active transport to pump solute solute molecules against its concentration gradient |
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requirements of Active transport |
1) Transporter protein - in the plasma membrane; generally molecule |
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Eukaryotes - Plasma Membrane |
similar to prokaryotes, - is a phospholipid bilayer that contains peripheral and integral (including transmembrane) proteins - displays selective permeability |
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Eukaryotes transport across membrane = |
1) simple diffusion 2) facilitative diffusion 3) Osmosis 4) Active transport (No group translocation) |
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Eukaryotes - Cytoplasm |
Aqueous substance inside the plasma membrane and outside the nucleus |
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Cytosol |
Fluid portion of cytoplasm |
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Cytoplasmic streaming |
Movement of cytoplasm and nutrients throughout the cells |
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Cells' structural framework - 3 parts of protein |
1) Microfilaments 2) intermediate filaments 3) Microtubules |
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Ribosomes (Eukaryotes) |
- Site of protein synthesis - 80S ribosomes - Membrane-bound - attached to rough ER - Free - found in cytoplasm Also - 70S ribosomes (in chloroplasts and mitochondria) |
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Organelles |
specialized, membrane-bound structures - allow compartmentalization of functions - have characteristic shapes - perform specific functions - eg. cellular growth, maintenance, reproduction |
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Organelles - Nucleus |
Contains DNA/chromosomes Site of ribosomes assembly |
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Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - Smooth and rough |
Rough ER - protein processing Smooth ER - Fatty acid, steroid synthesis, detoxifies chemicals |
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Golgi complex |
modifies, sorts and packages proteins received from the ER - transports via vesicles - secretory & transport - proteins also transferred to storage vesicles |
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Lysosome |
Storage vesicles for digestive enzymes |
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Vacuole (only plants) |
cavity; transports food into cells; provides support |
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Mitochondrion |
Site of ATP synthesis & cellular respiration; cellular "powerhouse" Converts chemical energy into ATP Two membranes - inner one highly folded (into cristae) |
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Chloroplast (only in plants) |
site of photosynthesis two membranes: Thylakoids are arranged into stocks grana - contains small DNA + 70s ribosomes |
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Peroxisome |
contains various enzymes for oxidation of certain organic substances; destroys H2O2 |
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Centrosome |
Involved in cell division; consists of protein fibers and centrioles Centriole: Mitotic spindle formation |
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Endosymbiotic Theory |
... |
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Ch. 5 Microbial metabolisms |
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Metabolism |
is the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism |
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catabolism |
is the breakdown of the complex organic compounds into simpler ones *cats always break things apart **Release energy** |
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Anabolism |
is the building of complex organic compounds from simpler molecules ** require energy** |
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Energy |
capacity to do work - it describes the amount of work that a force can exert Almost all energy comes from Sun |
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Thermodynamics |
Energy cannot be created or destroyed in a closed system, only converted to other forms of energy |
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Bond Energetics |
Energy is symbolized by G, the change in energy from reactants to products is delta G |
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Endergonic reaction |
postive delta G products with more energy than reactants reaction cannot happen without input of energy |
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Exergonic reaction |
negative delta G products with less energy than the reactants reaction can happen |
