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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did Trujillo do with the Dominican Republic that has not been done with Haiti?
(L) |
Trujillo took the DR from family and clan ties, to a unified national government and united market. The DR shared the same characteristics that the Queen of England had when she military conquered England and bought off her opponents. Haiti has not accomplished any of this.
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1. Who is Trujillo?
2. Urania? 3. Augustin Cabral? 4. Johnny Abbes? 5. Belaguer? (L) |
1. Trujillo was the oppressive leader that killed his political opponents, and generally held everyone else under his thumb. He was assassinated from within his own cabinet .
2.Urania is Augustin Cabral's daughter. She works at World Bank and is the focal point of this story. 3. Augustin "egghead" Cabral was the senator that was randomly selected as the black sheep to Trujillo's madness. He worked hard to prove his worth to Trujillo only to find that he could never find favor with him. 4. Head of the Military Intelligence Service (SIM), a brutal man to whom many "disappearances, ... executions, ... 5. Trujillo's puppet president, Following Trujillo's death, the calm and serenity of Balaguer bring about real change in his character. General Román comments that "this insignificant man whom everyone had always considered a mere clerk, a purely decorative figure in the regime, began to acquire surprising authority |
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What is stage A of the great transformation?
(L) |
Agrarian, can-based, economic and political organization is small (up to 250), and is decentralized authority.
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What is stage B of the great transformation?
(L) |
Centralized (national) economy. However, economic rules favor redistribution rather than creation of wealth.
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What is stage C of the great transformation?
(L) |
Centralized economy with rules that favor wealth creation. Centralized government that provides neutral security.
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What is the Dominican market and state under Trujillo like?
(L) |
Centralized economy
Redistribution Unified national government with centralized (non-neutral) security. |
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What was Trujillo's 6 patterns of his rule?
(L) |
*Personal loyalty or loyalty to the regime.
*Subordinates must constantly demonstrate support *Opaque and unpredictable: Cabral out even though he had been diligent and loyal to the extreme *No clear basis for rewards, or punishment *Creation of informants in order to find favor with the regime, making someone valuable. *Implicates all in doing the regime's dirty work. (discourages them from defecting and joining challenger, with strong repercussions for disloyalty) |
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How does leadership emerge in these (Clientelist) based systems? Ie what does it depend on? (3 part-- RCA)
(L) |
1. Dependence on what you redistribute (challengers always in the wings)
2. Support building: Fierce competition often with threat or use of violence. 3. Always on the lookout, never know where the challenge may come from. |
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What would have to be true if leadership was the explanation to issues within the Dominican Republic?
(L) |
1. Distribution of good leaders is not good in their specific region.
2. Leadership would have changed the outcomes in: Iraq, Afghanistan, DR, etc, which didn't. 3. Executive would not have to be talented, or personable (cult of personality). |
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What is clientelism? What are its defining characteristics?
(C) |
* Direct exchange of benefits for votes
* Those who don't vote for the elected official will not receive benefits and/or services. In a Clientelist system, you are excluded from benefits if you did not vote for the winner. |
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How is clientelism different from public goods or programmatic politics?
(C) |
*Everyone gets benefits (neutral inclusion) in this system. It's programmatic, or program wide. The clientelist based system depends on purchased votes in order to remain in power.
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What do elections decide in these two type of leadership systems?
(C) |
Clientelist: decides who gets benefits
Programmatic: Elections are mechanism for choosing between alternative programs. |
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How do politicians get ahead in Programmatic and Clientelist based systems?
(C) |
Programmatic: Politicians get ahead by producing outcomes voters will reward (must use resources to gain economically, provide national security, increase education, etc)
Clientelist: Get ahead by distributing resources in a quid pro quo way that will produce the most amount of votes. (Direct exchange network created, where jobs are given out alongside resources. It is not meant to produce outcome). |
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What are examples for how business is conducted during programmatic or clientelist based systems?
(C) |
Programmatic system:
a. Elected politicians must hire bureaucrats who know how to protect public health and maintain schools b. Voters choose based on outcomes so politicians have to hire people who know how to produce good outcomes. Clientelist: a. Voters choose based on whether they received direct benefits (could be a job in the bureaucracy). B. Bureaucrats are not hired to produce good outcomes which means limited achievement of social goals like public health or good schools c. Bureaucrats are hired to trade the resources at their disposal: Jobs, govt resources, etc... directly for votes (direct exchange) d. Common description of how bureaucracy works in developing countries - it is corrupt, patrimonial. e. What it really is, is an efficient clientelist network. |
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What are the implications for how social services are provided in a programmatic and clientelist based system?
(C) |
Programmatic:
1. Routine services are provided as a matter of course because voters are looking at overall outcomes. Any lack of basic services will quickly degrade overall outcomes. Clientelist: 1. No routine provision of social services - must be tied directly to votes 2. Provision of services very precarious 3. Creates incentives to build large, stable networks that can deliver votes. |
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How can redistributive policies succeed?
(3 part) (C) |
1. Risk involved in voting for wealth producing policies (programmatic policies)
2. Everyone knows wealth producing policies better overall, problems is individual risk in voting for them 3. Redistribution and the bad outcomes it creates can persist over long periods even though effects evident and solutions well known. |
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Thinking of DeSoto, how would he view redistributable policies?
(C) |
Leaders do not know how inclusive property rights would promote development, but that political outcomes that result (general economic growth) cannot be translated into excludable goods.
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How does a process of defeating clientelism occur?
(C) |
Programmatic
defeats clientelism when wealth producing policies defeat redistribution. Results: There can be a shift from phase B to phase C of the great transformation. Clientelist can always exclude, but it has nothing of value to exclude you from, you do not face risk in voting programmatic. a. Every voter has a price, but as standard of living goes up, voters become indifferent to more and more valuable goods. b. As standards rise, more expensive to fund clientelist based policies, so the cost goes up as well. c. Clientelist's ability to exclude loses efficacy d. When clientelist can no longer provide valuable goods to a sufficient number of voters, programmatic vote no longer risky, programmatic candidate can win. |
