Quiz 3

Front 1

developmental psychology

Back 1

The study of changes, over the life span, in physiological cognition, emotion, and social behavior

Front 2

Synaptic Pruning

Back 2

A process where the synaptic connections in the brain that are used are preserved, and those that are not used are lost.

Front 3

teratogens

Back 3

Agents that harm the embryo or fetus (drugs, alcohol, chemicals...)

Front 4

Dynamic systems theory

Back 4

The view that development s a self-organizing process, in which new forms of behavior emerge through consistent interactions between a biological being and cultural and environmental contexts.

Front 5

infantile amnesia

Back 5

the inability to remember events from early childhood

Front 6

attachment

Back 6

a strong emotional connection that persists over time and across circumstances

Front 7

secure attachment

Back 7

The attachment style for a majority of infants; the infant is confident enough to play in an unfamiliar environment as long as the caregiver is present and is readily comforted by the caregiver during times of distress

Front 8

insecure attachment

Back 8

The attachment style for a minority of infants; the infant may exhibit insecure attachment through various behaviors, such as avoiding contact with the caregiver, or by alternating between approach and avoidance behaviors.

Front 9

prenatal period

Back 9

The period from conception (Unition of sperm and egg to form a zygote) through birth

Front 10

embyro

Back 10

developing organism from 2 weeks to 2 months prenatally that begins to form into organ systems

Front 11

teratogens

Back 11

environmental toxins that include chemicals and drugs that an embryo is vulnerable to

Front 12

fetus

Back 12

By 2 months prenatally, the organ system has formed, the heart begins to beat, and the developing human is called a ___

Front 13

Brain

Back 13

___ development begins early in fetal development.Myelination of the spinal cord occurs in the first trimester, and myelinationof the brain occurs during the second trimester.

Front 14

neurons

Back 14

Most___ are formed at birth, but neural development via synaptic connectionscontinues through early adulthood. Synaptic pruning is the reduction ofsynaptic connections due to nonuse.

Front 15

Genetics

Back 15

___ and environment influence development.

Front 16

Dynamic Systems Theory

Back 16

____ views development as a self-organizedprocess guided by biology but altered by environmental experiences.

Front 17

learning

Back 17

Infants are capable of ___, although formation ofexplicit long-term memories does not occur until about the age of 18 months.

Front 18

Infantile Amnesia

Back 18

Virtuallyall humans experience ___, the inability to remember eventsbefore the age of 3 or 4. It may disappear with the developmentof language.

Front 19

Attachment

Back 19

An ___ is a strong emotional connection that canmotivate care, protection, and social support.

Front 20

Harry Harlow

Back 20

Research by ___demonstrated that attachments formdue to the receiving of comfort and warmth, not food.

Front 21

secure attachment style

Back 21

About65 percent of infants display a ____, expressing confidencein unfamiliar environments as long as the caregiver is present.

Front 22

insecure attachment style

Back 22

About 35 percent of infants display an ___ and may avoid contact with the caregiver, or they may alternate betweenapproach and avoidance behaviors.

Front 23

oxytocin

Back 23

Thehormone ___ plays a role in attachment

Front 24

birth

Back 24

Most neurons are present at ___

Front 25

2 months

Back 25

most organ systems are fully formed by _____ after conception

Front 26

assimilation

Back 26

The process by which new information is placed into an existing scheme.

Front 27

accommodation

Back 27

The process by which a new scheme is created or an existing scheme is drastically altered to include new information that otherwise would not fit into the scheme.

Front 28

sensorimotor stage

Back 28

The first stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; during this stage, infants acquire information about the world through their senses and motor skills. Reflexive responses develop into more deliberate actions through the development and refinement of schemes.

Front 29

object permanence

Back 29

The understanding that an object continues to exist even when it cannot be seen.

Front 30

preoperational stage

Back 30

The second stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; during this stage, children think symbolically about objects, but they reason based on intuition and superficial appearance rather than logic.

Front 31

concrete operational stage

Back 31

The third stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; during this stage, children begin to think about and understand logical operations, and they are no longer fooled by appearances.

Front 32

formal operational stage

Back 32

The final stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; in this stage, people can think abstractly, and they can formulate and test hypotheses through deductive logic.

Front 33

theory of mind

Back 33

The ability to understand that other people have mental states that influence their behavior.

Front 34

preconventional level

Back 34

Earliest level of moral development; at this level, self-interest and event outcomes determine what is moral.

Front 35

conventional level

Back 35

Middle stage of moral development; at this level, strict adherence to societal rules and the approval of others determine what is moral.

Front 36

postconventional level

Back 36

Highest stage of moral development; at this level, decisions about morality depend on abstract principles and the value of all life.

Front 37

social intuitionist model

Back 37

The idea that moral judgments reflect people’s initial and automatic emotional responses.

Front 38

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational

Back 38

four cognitive development stages of Piaget

Front 39

underestimate

Back 39

While Piaget's theory correctly describes much of how cognitive abilities develop, it may _____ early knowledge. I.e.) Infants can use law of physics and even demonstrate a basic understanding of addition and subtraction.

Front 40

cultural

Back 40

Other theories, such as Vygotsky’s, emphasize that cognitivedevelopment is guided by ___ expectations and interactions with others.

Front 41

frontal lobes

Back 41

Theory of mind isdeveloped by 15 months, and it is related to the development of the ___

Front 42

Kohlberg

Back 42

____’s theory of moral reasoningsuggests that moral decisions are based on trying to avoid personal harm,trying to gain approval from others, or having true moral concern for thesanctity of life.

Front 43

biased

Back 43

Theoriesof moral reasoning have been criticized for being gender and culture ___ andfor ignoring emotional aspects of moral decisions.

Front 44

emotional

Back 44

Thesocial intuitionist model suggests that moral judgments reflect automatic___ responses rather than conscious decisions based on moral rules.

Front 45

moral thinking

Back 45

Theprefrontal cortex, the insula, and the amygdala are three of the brain areasinvolved in ___

Front 46

Preoperational

Back 46

Children can think about objects they cannot see and can play symbolically - what stage of Piaget is this?

Front 47

Formal operational

Back 47

Children can think abstractly and form hypothesis - what stage of Piaget is this?

Front 48

sensorimotor

Back 48

Object permanence develops along with first schemes - what stage of Piaget is this?

Front 49

Concrete Operational

Back 49

Children show evidence of logical thinking but still cannot think about abstract concepts - what stage of Piaget is this?

Front 50

puberty

Back 50

The onset of sexual maturity that marks the beginning of adolescence.

Front 51

8 and 14

Back 51

boys typically begin their puberty between ___

Front 52

10 and 14

Back 52

girls typically begin their puberty between ___

Front 53

adolescent growth spurt

Back 53

clear dividing line between childhood and the start of puberty

Front 54

earlier

Back 54

girls start their puberty ___ if they live with non-genetically related adult males.

Front 55

menstruation

Back 55

girls start their ___ earlier if they live in extremely stressful environments or have a history of insecure attachments to caregivers.

Front 56

myelinated

Back 56

The frontal cortex of the brain is not fully ___ until the mid-20s

Front 57

limbic system

Back 57

teenagers are likely to act on their impulses because their ____ mature more quickly than his or her frontal cortex

Front 58

Adult Identity

Back 58

According to Erikson’s theory, adolescents face perhaps the most fundamental crisis: how to develop an ___

Front 59

Erikson

Back 59

___’s theory has been influential but is lacking empirical support. There is little evidence that there are eight stages and that they are sequential.

Front 60

Gender identity

Back 60

Personal beliefs about whether one is male or female.

Front 61

gender role

Back 61

The characteristics associated with males and females because of cultural influence or learning.

Front 62

environment

Back 62

Biology and ___ affect the timing of puberty.

Front 63

hormone levels

Back 63

During puberty, changing ___ stimulate physical changes.

Front 64

emotional

Back 64

adolescence is not characterized by as much___ turmoil as is commonly believed.

Front 65

identities

Back 65

Physical and cognitive changes, along with environmental and societal pressures to prepare for the future, prompt adolescents to question their ___.

Front 66

biology and environment

Back 66

Gender identity, personal beliefs about whether one is male or female, develops during adolescence. Gender identity and gender roles are strongly influenced by ____.

Front 67

struggles

Back 67

Ethnic identity may be an important part of adolescents’ sense of self, especially if their particular ethnic group ___ within the dominant culture.

Front 68

peer groups

Back 68

Adolescents use___ to help them feel a sense of belonging and acceptance.

Front 69

Parents

Back 69

___ influence peer group identification, religious choices,and values.

Front 70

advantages

Back 70

family conflict during adolescence has developmental ___ for teens

Front 71

gender identity

Back 71

The case study of Bruce/Brenda Reimer shows that ___ ___ has a strong biological component.

Front 72

use it or lose it

Back 72

brain functioning and body health are ___ phenomena: oxygen and blood need to be kept flowing by caring for those systems.

Front 73

alert

Back 73

Most older adults, while remaining ___, do everything a bit more slowly as they grow older.

Front 74

dementia

Back 74

Older adults who experience a dramatic loss in mental ability often suffer from ___

Front 75

alcohol, HIV

Back 75

Dementia has many causes such as __ ___ .For older adults, the major causes are Alzheimer’s disease and small strokes that affect the brain’s blood supply.

Front 76

mental

Back 76

Except for dementia older adults have fewer ___ health problems.

Front 77

long-term

Back 77

__ memory is generally less affected by aging than is working memory

Front 78

recognition

Back 78

The elderly are better at ___ than at retrieval tasks.

Front 79

positive

Back 79

Older people show better memory for ___ than for negative information

Front 80

strategies

Back 80

Older adults tend not to use ___ that facilitate memory

Front 81

dopamine

Back 81

Another reason for declines in elderly's working memory is age-related reductions in ___ activity in the frontal lobes

Front 82

men

Back 82

In general, married people are healthier and happier than people who are single or cohabitating, and this advantage is more pronounced in __

Front 83

communication

Back 83

Effective ___ can keep marriages happy and satisfying, especially after the births of children.

Front 84

meaning

Back 84

People increasingly seek __in their lives as they age.

Front 85

satisfied

Back 85

Older people are often more ___ with their lives than younger adults are.

Front 86

intelligence

Back 86

Despite declines in memory and speed of mental processing,people generally maintain their ___ into very old age.

Front 87

frontal lobes

Back 87

The ___ of the brain shrink throughout adulthood

Front 88

fluid

Back 88

Measures of ____ intelligence decline during adulthood.

Front 89

feeling

Back 89

a subjective experience of the emotion

Front 90

mood

Back 90

people's vague sense that they feel certain ways

Front 91

emotion

Back 91

An immediate, specific negative or positive response to environmental events or internal thoughts.

Front 92

primary emotion

Back 92

Emotions that are innate, evolutionarily adaptive, and universal (shared across cultures).

Front 93

secondary emotions

Back 93

Blends of primary emotions.

Front 94

James-Lange theory of emotion

Back 94

People perceive specific patterns of bodily responses, and as a result of that perception they feel emotion.

Front 95

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

Back 95

Information about emotional stimuli is sent simultaneously to the cortex and the body and results in emotional experience and bodily reactions respectively.

Front 96

two-factor theory of emotion

Back 96

A label applied to physiological arousal results in the experience of an emotion.

Front 97

insula

Back 97

The __receives and integrates somatosensory signals,helping us experience emotion, especially disgust, anger, guilt,and anxiety

Front 98

amygdala

Back 98

The ___ processes emotional significance of stimuli and generates immediate reactions.

Front 99

misattribute

Back 99

Consistent with the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory,research has shown that people can ___the causes of their emotions, seeking environmental explanations for their feelings.

Front 100

James-Lange and Schachter-Singer two-factor

Back 100

Which theories of emotions?

"Emotions follow from bodily responses."

Front 101

Schachter-Singer two-factor

Back 101

Which theories of emotions?

"Cognitive responses to situations are important in determining emotions."

Front 102

James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and Schachter-Singer two-factor

Back 102

Which theories of emotions?

"Bodily responses are an important part of how people label emotions."

Front 103

Cannon-Bard

Back 103

Which theories of emotions?

"Excitation transfer is incompatible with this theory of emotion."

Front 104

James-Lange

Back 104

Which theories of emotions?

"If you sing a happy song, you will fell happy."

Front 105

Schachter-Singer two-factor

Back 105

Which theories of emotions?

"If you want someone to fall in love with you, you should choose exciting activities for your first dates, such as snowboarding or rock climbing.

Front 106

James-Lange

Back 106

Which theories of emotions?

"Smiling during a painful procedure, such as a painful injection, will put you in a better mood"

Front 107

Cannon-Bard

Back 107

Which theories of emotions?

"You feel angry and simultaneously notice your heart is beating fast."

Front 108

somatic markers

Back 108

Bodily reactions that arise from the emotional evaluation of an action’s consequences.

Front 109

display rules

Back 109

Rules learned through socialization that dictate which emotions are suitable in given situations.

Front 110

behavioral readiness

Back 110

Emotions are adaptive because they bring about states of ___

Front 111

heuristic

Back 111

Emotions influence decision making serving as ___ guides for quick decisions. They also give rise to somatic markers, bodily reactions, that facilitate self-regulation

Front 112

cross-cultural agreement

Back 112

The evolutionary basis for emotions is supported by research on __ in the display and recognition of some emotional expressions.

Front 113

socialization

Back 113

Display rules are learned through ____ and dictate which emotions are suitable to given situations.

Front 114

differ

Back 114

Across cultures, display rules ____ for females and males

Front 115

interpersonal

Back 115

Emotions that are ___ in nature (guilt, embarrassment, ...) are particularly important for the maintenance and repair of close interpersonal relationships.

Front 116

Nonverbal admittance of a mistake

Back 116

What is likely an explanation for blushing?

Front 117

motivation

Back 117

A process that energizes, guides, and maintains behavior toward a goal.

Front 118

need

Back 118

A state of biological or social deficiency.

Front 119

need hierarchy

Back 119

Maslow’s arrangement of needs, in which basic survival needs must be met before people can satisfy higher needs.

Front 120

self-actualization

Back 120

A state that is achieved when one’s personal dreams and aspirations have been attained.

Front 121

drive

Back 121

A psychological state that, by creating arousal, motivates an organism to satisfy a need.

Front 122

Homeostasis

Back 122

The tendency for bodily functions to maintain equilibrium.

Front 123

Yerkes-Dodson law

Back 123

The psychological principle that performance on challenging tasks increases with arousal up to a moderate level. After that, additional arousal impairs performance.

Front 124

incentives

Back 124

External objects or external goals, rather than internal drives, that motivate behaviors.

Front 125

extrinsic motivation

Back 125

Motivation to perform an activity because of the external goals toward which that activity is directed.

Front 126

intrinsic motivation

Back 126

Motivation to perform an activity because of the value or pleasure associated with that activity, rather than for an apparent external goal or purpose.

Front 127

need to belong theory

Back 127

The theory that the need for interpersonal attachments is a fundamental motive that has evolved for adaptive purposes.

Front 128

needs

Back 128

Maslow described a hierarchy of ___: People first must satisfy lower needs, such as hunger and thirst, before satisfying safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.

Front 129

biological/social

Back 129

Needs arise from states of ___.

Front 130

arousal

Back 130

Drives are psychological states that create ___ and motivate behaviors to satisfy needs.

Front 131

homeostasis

Back 131

Drives help maintain ____—that is, equilibrium of bodily functions.

Front 132

The Yerkes-Dodson law

Back 132

_____ suggests that if people are underaroused or overaroused, their performance will suffer.

Front 133

incentives

Back 133

People are also motivated by ____, which are external objects or goals.

Front 134

extrinsically

Back 134

Some incentives are ___motivated (directed toward an external reward).

Front 135

intrinsically

Back 135

Some incentives are ___ motivating(directed toward an internal reward or simply enjoyable).

Front 136

Providing people with extrinsic rewards can undermine their intrinsic motivation.

Back 136

Providing people with extrinsic rewards can undermine their intrinsic motivation.

Front 137

specific

Back 137

According to research, the most successful motivation comes from goals that are challenging and ___ but not overly difficult.

Front 138

self-efficacy

Back 138

People who are high in ___and have a high achievement motive are more likely to set challenging but attain able goals for themselves.

Front 139

gratification

Back 139

People who are able to delay ___are more likely to report successful outcomes later in life.

Front 140

Need to belong

Back 140

____ explains the ease with which people make friends, their sensitivity to social exclusion, the adverse feelings experienced in the absence of social contact, and efforts to affiliate with others when anxious.

Front 141

physiological needs

Back 141

Which of Maslow's need hierarchy?

You are sleep deprived

Front 142

safety

Back 142

Which of Maslow's need hierarchy?

You are being physically threatened by a bully

Front 143

esteem

Back 143

Which of Maslow's need hierarchy?

You are about to take an exam in a class you are failing

Front 144

belonging and love

Back 144

Which of Maslow's need hierarchy?

You have just moved to a new city, where you know few people.

Front 145

self-actualization.

Back 145

Which of Maslow's need hierarchy?

You are an accomplished poet engaged in writing a new book of poems

Front 146

intrinsic

Back 146

intrinsic/extrinsic motivation?

Mary enjoys reading her psychology textbook so much that she is even reading the chapters her teacher did not assign.

Front 147

extrinsic

Back 147

intrinsic/extrinsic motivation?

Natasha is reading her psychology textbook to get a good grade on the exam and would never read an unassignedchapter.

Front 148

intrinsic

Back 148

intrinsic/extrinsic motivation?

Most children love to read and will do so for the sheer joy of reading.

Front 149

extrinsic

Back 149

intrinsic/extrinsic motivation?

As part of a plan to increase children’s reading, a librarian will award prizes to the children who read the most booksover the summer.

Front 150

incentives

Back 150

Eating involves both drives and ___

Front 151

frontal lobes, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, and limbic system...

Back 151

Neural structures associated with eating behavior:

Front 152

glucostatic theory and lipostatic theory

Back 152

two theories proposed to explain eating behavior

Front 153

receptors

Back 153

Glucostatic theorymaintains that eating is under the control of ___ in the bloodstream that monitor levels of glucose—the body’s primary metabolic fuel.

Front 154

body fat set-point

Back 154

Lipostatic theory asserts that eating is regulated to maintain a ___

Front 155

leptin and ghrelin

Back 155

Two hormones have been found to be of central importance to eating behavior:

Front 156

leptin

Back 156

___ is associated with long-term body fat regulation

Front 157

ghrelin

Back 157

____ motivates eating behavior

Front 158

learning

Back 158

Eating is strongly affected by ___. Through classical conditioning, people associate eating with regular mealtimes.

Front 159

Sensory-specific satiety

Back 159

_____ has evolved in animals to encourage the consumption of foods that contain diverse nutrients. Because of this mechanism, people quickly grow tired of any single flavor.

Front 160

cultural rules

Back 160

What people eat is greatly influenced by ____ regarding which foods are appropriate to eat in different contexts.

Front 161

True

Back 161

When trying to lose weight, It is recommended to eat when feeling hungry, not by looking at the clock. T/F?

Front 162

False

Back 162

When trying to lose weight, present much variety of foods you eat. T/F?

Front 163

True

Back 163

When trying to lose weight, study ways to get the body to produce more leptin. T/F?

Front 164

Hypothalamus

Back 164

_____ is the brain region considered most important for stimulating sexual behavior.

Front 165

sexual response cycle

Back 165

A four-stage pattern of physiological and psychological responses during sexual activity.

Front 166

sexual strategies theory

Back 166

A theory that maintains that women and men have evolved distinct mating strategies because they faced different adaptive problems over the course of human history. The strategies used by each sex maximize the probability of passing along their genes to future generations.

Front 167

hormones

Back 167

___ influence the development of secondary sex characteristics during puberty and motivate sexual behavior.

Front 168

hypothalamus

Back 168

The ___ organizes sexual behavior and influences the production of hormones.

Front 169

hormones testosterone / oxytocin

Back 169

The _____ and ____are particularly important determinants of sexual behavior. Neurotransmitters,including dopamine, serotonin, and nitric oxide, have also been found to influence sexual functioning.

Front 170

excitement - plateau - orgasm - resolution

Back 170

Masters and Johnson identified four stages in the human sexual response cycle that are very similar for men and women:

Front 171

sexual scripts

Back 171

Sexual behavior is constrained by _____: socially determined beliefs regarding the appropriate behaviors for men and women to engage in during sexual interactions.

Front 172

higher

Back 172

On average, men have a ____ level of sexual motivation and engage in more sexual activity than women.

Front 173

status

Back 173

Men and women look for similar qualities in potential partners, but men are more concerned about a potential partner’s attractiveness, and women are more concerned with a potential partner’s ___.

Front 174

adaptive

Back 174

Sex differences in preference for partner qualities may be due to the different ___ problems the sexes faced over the course of human evolutionary history.

Front 175

correlational

Back 175

Researchers have theorized that prenatal hormone exposure, genes, and functional differences in the hypothalamus may influence sexual orientation. However, the data supporting these theories are ___ and cannot be used to make causal inferences. Many psychologists believe that multiple biological and environmental factors determine sexual orientation.

Front 176

biological and evolutionary

Back 176

biological, cultural, or evolutionary perspective?

Researchers have found that women prefer masculine-looking faces more during ovulation than in other phases of menstrual cycle.

Front 177

evolutionary

Back 177

biological, cultural, or evolutionary perpective?

Across 37 cultures, women preferred men who could earn a good living, and men rated a future mate's physical attractiveness as more important than women did.

Front 178

cultural

Back 178

biological, cultural, or evolutionary perspective?

Across religious groups and in different countries, there are differences in women's willingness to engage in premarital sex.

Front 179

cultural and evolutionary

Back 179

biological, cultural, or evolutionary perspective?

Women tend to prefer erotica that is more relationship oriented than men do.

Front 180

biological

Back 180

biological, cultural, or evolutionary perspective?

Many drugs used for depression also reduce sex drive, especially in women.

Front 181

biological

Back 181

biological, cultural, or evolutionary perspective?

Male sex function requires a minimal level of androgens.

Front 182

biological and evolutionary

Back 182

In general, men have higher levels of sexual motivation than women do.

Front 183

False

Back 183

T/F? Same sex attraction is caused by a domineering mother and a weak father.

Front 184

androgens

Back 184

Exposure to ____ prenatally may play a role in sexual orientation.

Front 185

False

Back 185

T/F? There is a "gay gene"

Front 186

False

Back 186

T/F? Sexual orientation can be changed through theraphy.

Front 187

culturally

Back 187

Research suggests that some emotions and emotional expressions are _____ universal

Front 188

Health psychology

Back 188

A field that integrates research on health and on psychology; it involves the application of psychological principles to promote health and well-being.

Front 189

well-being

Back 189

A positive state that includes striving for optimal health and life satisfaction.

Front 190

biopsychosocial model

Back 190

A model of health that integrates the effects of biological, behavioral, and social factors on health and illness.

Front 191

stress

Back 191

A type of response that typically involves an unpleasant state, such as anxiety or tension.

Front 192

stressor

Back 192

Something in the environment that is perceived as threatening or demanding and therefore produces stress.

Front 193

coping response

Back 193

Any attempt made to avoid, escape from, or minimize a stressor.

Front 194

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis

Back 194

A body system involved in stress responses.

Front 195

Fight or flight response

Back 195

The physiological preparedness of animals to deal with danger by either fighting or fleeing.

Front 196

tend and befriend response

Back 196

Females’ tendency to protect and care for their offspring and form social alliances rather than fight or flee in response to threat.

Front 197

oxytocin

Back 197

A hormone that is important for mothers in bonding to newborns and may encourage affiliation during social stress.

Front 198

general adaptation syndrome

Back 198

A consistent pattern of responses to stress that consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

Front 199

sympathetic nervous system

Back 199

Stressors quickly activate the ___, which leads the adrenal glands to release epinephrine and norepinephrine, preparing the body for action

Front 200

cortisol

Back 200

HPA axis is a complex series of biological events that also occur when a stressor is encountered. The hypothalamus sends a signal to the pituitary gland, which causes the adrenal gland to release ___ into the bloodstream. This slower system prepares for prolonged stress.

Front 201

disorders

Back 201

Early childhood stress is a risk factor for developing psychological disorders later in life.

Front 202

epigenetics

Back 202

Stress experienced by mothers may be passed along to their offspring through ___.

Front 203

alarm, resistence, and exhaustion

Back 203

Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome consists of three stages of physiological coping:

Front 204

exhuastion

Back 204

What stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

'After years of responding to tight deadlines at work, the executive developed several medical problems that required hospitalization.'

Front 205

alarm

Back 205

What stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

'When Myrtle returned home and found a stranger in her living room, her heart began pounding rapidly.'

Front 206

resistence

Back 206

What stage of the general adaptation syndrome? 'As the hurricane lashed the shore, nearby residents struggled to keep themselves safe.'

Front 207

Brain identifies a stressor, hypothalamus activates pituitary gland, adrenal gland releases cortisol.

Back 207

Steps of HPA axis in order

Front 208

social psychology

Back 208

The study of how people influence other people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Front 209

outgroup homogeneity effect

Back 209

The tendency to view outgroup members as less varied than ingroup members.

Front 210

social identity theory

Back 210

The idea that ingroups consist of individuals who perceive themselves to be members of the same social category and experience pride through their group membership.

Front 211

ingroup favoritism

Back 211

The tendency for people to evaluate favorably and privilege members of the ingroup more than members of the outgroup.

Front 212

social facilitation

Back 212

The idea that the presence of others generally enhances performance.