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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stages of grief |
Denial/isolation Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance |
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4 stages of facilitating communication |
1. Setting the stage 2. Insuring mutual understanding 3. Understanding body language 4. Suspending judgement |
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Behaviors that support effective listening |
Maintaining relaxed body posture Leaning slightly forward Making eye contact Maintaining appropriate distance Providing non distracting environment |
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Behaviors that are a barrier to effective listening |
Acting distracted Criticizing Interrupting Judging Diagnosing |
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Sthenic |
Normal body size |
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Asthenic |
Small frail body size |
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Hyperstentic |
Big body size |
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What are some special challenges? |
Visually impaired Speech impaired Hearing impaired Non English speaker Developmental disability Terminally ill |
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Example of signs |
BP, heart rate, temperature |
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Examples of symptoms |
Pain, nausea, vertigo |
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Mental status- how to assess |
AVPU Alert, verbal, pain, unconscious |
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Pulse locations |
Unconscious Adult- carotid “quick check” Infants- brachial artery Regular adult- radial pulse |
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What is adult respiration rate? |
16-20 breaths per minute |
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Cheyne-Stokes |
Gradually increasing rate and tidal volume which increases to a maximum then gradually decreases, can have apnea |
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Biot’s |
Irregular pattern and volume w intermittent apnea |
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Agonal |
Slow shallow gasping, irregular breath, last breath |
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Kussmaul’s |
Feel grasping respiration’s, ketoacidosis- body trying to get rid of excess carbon dioxide bc of abnormal accumulation of metabolic acids in the blood, hyperventilation |
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Where should blood pressure cuff be? |
At level of the heart |
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Optimal adult blood pressure |
120/80 |
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Systolic |
Peak pressure in left ventricle when it contracts |
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Diastolic |
Remaining pressure when left ventricle relaxes |
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What do you check blood pressure with? |
Stethoscope and sphygmomanometer |
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Hypotension |
Less than 90/60 |
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Hypertension |
More than 140/90 |
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Pulse oximetry |
Non invasive technique using an infrared light beam to measure oxygen saturation of blood. Normal 95% or more |
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Airborne precautions |
Precautions taken to prevent the spread of pathogens through the air |
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Airborne transmission |
Transmission method of either airborne droplet nuclei or particles small enough to be inhaled that contain infectious agents that remain infective over time and distance |
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Blood borne pathogen |
A disease causing microorganism that is contained within the human blood |
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CDC |
Centers for disease control and prevention |
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Clostridium difficile |
A spore forming bacterium that releases toxins into the bowel |
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Communicable |
Capable of being transmitted between persons |
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Contact precautions |
Measures used to block the spread of pathogens by either direct or indirect contact |
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Contact transmission |
Transference of microorganisms from one infected person to another by direct touch or by indirect transmission |
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3 levels of infection control |
1. Sanitation- lowest level 2. Disinfection- inactivated microorganisms 3. Sterilization- highest level, kills microorganisms |
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6 cycles of infection |
1. Pathogen 2. Reservoir 3. Portal exit 4. Method of transmission 5. Portal of entry 6. Susceptible host |
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Droplet transmission |
From respiratory tract of infected person- coughing sneezing |
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3 Modes of pathogen transmission |
Contact transmission Droplet transmission Airborne transmission |
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4 stages of infectikn |
1. Incubation 2. Prodromal- most contagious, symptoms appear 3. Full disease 4. Convalescent |
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Nosocomial infections |
Hospital acquired infections, most common is UTI |
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List a few ways to break cycle of infection |
Hand washing Use of PPE Hand hygiene Safe injection practices Infection control precautions Standard precautions |
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Gowning ordef |
Gown Mask Eye protection Gloves |
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Degowning order |
Gloves Gown Eye protection Mask |
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5 types of precautions |
Standard precautions Airborne precautions Droplet precautions Enteric precautions Expanded precautions |
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Sepsis |
Life threading immune response that is the result of bacterial infection |
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Epidemic, pandemic |
Spread of disease to a large number of individuals vs around the world |
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MRSA |
Type of antibiotic resistant bacteria that colonized skin and transmits from patient to patient |
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CAAHEP |
Commission on accreditation of allied health education programs |
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JRCDMS |
Joint review committee on DMS |
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AIUM |
American institute of ultrasound medicine |
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SDMS |
Society of DMS |
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SVT |
Society of vascular technologists |
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HIPAA |
Health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996 |
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HIPAA rights |
Right to privacy Right to confidential use of health information Right to access and amend their health information upon request |
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EHR’s |
Electronic health records |
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PHI |
Protected health information |
