Quiz #2 - Chemical Signaling & Pharmacokinetics

Front 1

The two main cellular signaling systems include:

1.

2.

Back 1

The two main cellular signaling systems include:

1. Neuronal

2. Hormonal

Front 2

A(n) ________ receptor is a receptor in search of a ligand.

Back 2

An orphan receptor is a receptor in search of a ligand.

Front 3

A(n) _____________________ adds a phosphate group to a protein.

Back 3

A protein kinase adds a phosphate group to a protein.

Front 4

A(n) _____________________ removes a phosphate group from a protein.

Back 4

A protein phosphatase removes a phosphate group from a protein.

Front 5

Four Types of receptors include:

1.

2.

3.

4.

Back 5

Four Types of receptors include:

1. Ionotropic / Gated

2. Metabotropi GPCRs

3. Tyrosine Kinase

4. Internal

Front 6

Nicotinic and GABAa receptors are examples of __________ receptors.

Back 6

Nicotinic and GABAa receptors are examples of Ionotropic receptors.

Front 7

Muscarinic and Catecholamin receptors are examples of __________ receptors.

Back 7

Muscarinic and Catecholamin receptors are examples of Metabotropic receptors.

Front 8

Insulin and Nerve Growth Factor receptors are examples of __________ receptors.

Back 8

Insulin and Nerve Growth Factor receptors are examples of Tyrosine Kinase receptors.

Front 9

Steroids are examples of __________ receptors.

Back 9

Steroids are examples of Internal receptors.

Front 10

____________is generated out of ATP by adenylyl cyclase. It is a transmembrane protein modulated by ________________.

Back 10

cAMP is generated out of ATP by adenylyl cyclase. It is a transmembrane protein modulated by GPCRs.

Front 11

ADME is a mnemonic for...

Back 11

Absorption

Distribution

Metabolism

Excretion

Front 12

Passage of a drug from its site of administration to the blood is called ______________.

Back 12

Passage of a drug from its site of administration to the blood is called absorption.

Front 13

Delivery of the drug to the tissues is called _______________.

Back 13

Delivery of the drug to the tissues is called distribution.

Front 14

The amount of drug administered that gets absorbed is defined as it's ________________.

Back 14

The amount of drug administered that gets absorbed is defined as it's bioavailability.

Front 15

How can we calculate bioavailability?

Back 15

Amount of drug reaching systemic circulation divided by

Amount of drug administered

Front 16

Types of drug administration include...

Back 16

IV - Intravenous

IP - Intraperitoneal

Oral

SC - Subcutaneous

IT - Intrathecal - into the CSF

IM - Intramuscular

Sublingual (under tongue)

Inhalation

Topical

Direct application to CNS

Front 17

The phenomenon of drug metabolism by which the effect of an oral medication is greatly reduced before it reaches systemic circulation is called ______________________.

Back 17

The phenomenon of drug metabolism by which the effect of an oral medication is greatly reduced before it reaches systemic circulation is called the first pass effect.

Front 18

Name five ways a drug can pass through a membrane:

Back 18

1. Diffusion (small non-polar molecules)

2. Transporter proteins (ie: anion/cation transporter)

3. Transporter via facilitated diffusion.

4. Transporter via active transport.

5. Endocytosis - membrane engulfment

Front 19

Name two areas of the brain that have a diminished blood-brain barrier.

Back 19

1. Area Postrema

2. Subfornical Organ

Front 20

Name two ways a drug can enter the CNS from the periphery.

Back 20

1. It can enter if it is very lipid soluble.

2. It could gain access via transport mechanism.

Front 21

What is he point or area of the skull where the sagittal and coronal sutures joining the parietal and frontal bones come together?

Back 21

Bregma

Front 22

The theoretical volume that would be necessary to contain the total amount of an administered drug at the same concentration that it is observed in the blood plasma is known as the _______________________.

Back 22

The theoretical volume that would be necessary to contain the total amount of an administered drug at the same concentration that it is observed in the blood plasma is known as the volume of distribution (Vd).

Front 23

VD =

Back 23

VD= Drug Dose / Plasma Drug Concentration

Front 24

Needing more drug to produce the same effect is defined as _______________.

Back 24

Needing more drug to produce the same effect is defined as tolerance.