Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Elements |
Pure substance that consists only of atoms with the same number of protons |
|
|
Atoms |
Smallest unit of an element |
|
|
Periodic table |
Tabular arrangement of all known elements by their atomic number |
|
|
Proton |
Positively charged subatomic particles that occur in the nucleus of all atoms |
|
|
Neutrons |
Uncharged subatomic particles in the atomic nucleus (neutral) |
|
|
Electrons |
Negatively charged subatomic particles |
|
|
Atomic number |
Number of protons |
|
|
Mass number |
Total number of protons plus the total number of neutrons |
|
|
Molecules |
Unfilled shells that are unstable formed by atoms bonding |
|
|
Compounds |
Molecules that consist of two or more different elements (H2O) |
|
|
Mixture |
Elements mix without bonding (sugar and water) |
|
|
Ionic bond |
Type of chemical bonding in which mutual attraction links ions of opposite charge |
|
|
Covalent bonds |
Two atoms share a pair of electrons |
|
|
Hydrogen bonding |
An atom of a molecule interacts with the hydrogen that is already covalently bound (weak bonds that break easily) |
|
|
What does the pH scale measure? |
It measures the number of hydrogen ions in a fluid |
|
|
Acid |
Substance that releases hydrogen ions in water |
|
|
Base |
Substance that accepts hydrogen ions in water |
|
|
Buffer |
Set of chemicals that can keep the pH of a solution stable by alternately donating and excepting ions that contribute to pH |
|
|
Bicarbonate |
Can act like a base by excepting a hydrogen ion. One of the body’s major buffers |
|
|
Carbohydrates |
Made up of C, H, O. Simple sugars, short-chain carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates |
|
|
Simple sugars |
Glucose and fructose sweet tasting, easily dissolved in H2O |
|
|
Short-chain Carbohydrates |
Small number of simple sugars bound together, glucose fructose sucrose |
|
|
Complex carbohydrates |
Straight or branched chains of hundreds and thousands of sugar monomers |
|
|
Starch |
Stored energy in plants such as potatoes |
|
|
Glycogen |
Storage sugars in animals such as in the muscle or a liver |
|
|
Chitin |
Tough exoskeleton in vertebrae‘s |
|
|
Lipids |
Nonpolar hydrocarbons insoluble in H2O most made in fatty acid‘s (Fats, phospholipids, waxes, sterols) |
|
|
Saturated fatty acids |
Saturated chains saturated with hydrogens all single bonds they stack well and they’re solid |
|
|
Unsaturated fatty acids |
Bent chain unsaturated with hydrogen is a double bond is present they don’t stack together mostly liquids and oil |
|
|
Fats |
Fatty acid chains attached to the glycerol |
|
|
Triglycerides |
Most fat in body is stored in adipose tissue moved around body and lipoproteins |
|
|
Lipoprotein |
LDL: associated with diets high in saturated fats HDL: associated with diets low in saturated fats |
|
|
Phospholipids |
Main components of a cell membrane made of fatty acid‘s |
|
|
Waxes |
Fatty acid‘s lead to alcohol or carbon rings (structural and protecting) |
|
|
Sterols |
No fatty acid’s, carbon rings (cell membrane support) |
|
|
Proteins |
Organic molecule that consists of one or more polypeptides Cells makes them and they do all the work Most diverse biological |
|
|
Amino acids |
Small organic compound with an amine group a carboxyl group and a side of chain called the R group that defines the kind of amino acid they are the building blocks of proteins |
|
|
4 levels of protein structure |
Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary |
|
|
Primary |
Strand of amino acid |
|
|
Secondary |
Forms of coils/sheets |
|
|
Tertiary |
Most stable and compact |
|
|
Quarternary |
2 or more subunits combined |
|
|
Nucleotides |
Compromised of a sugar phosphate and a nitrogen containing base. ATP nucleic acid |
|
|
ATP |
Provides energy for cellular metabolism |
|
|
Nucleic acids |
DNA RNA |
|
|
DNA |
Double stranded genetic message |
|
|
RNA |
Single-stranded functions in the assembly of proteins |
