Quiz 11

Front 1

Function of the foot

Back 1

support body weight during standing and movement

Front 2

The skin of the dorsal foot is _____ as compared to the skin of the plantar heel and averages ______ mm

Back 2

thin
0.069 mm

Front 3

The dorsum of the foot has one _________ with two distinct parts

Back 3

intrinsic muscle

Front 4

An intrinsic muscle ______________________

Back 4

has both its origin and its insertion in the foot

Front 5

The tendons of the extrinsic muscles are ________ or ______ to the bellies of the intrinsic muscle

Back 5

superficial
dorsal

Front 6

Innervation of the muscle of the dorsum of the foot

Back 6

lateral terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve

Front 7

arterial supply to the muscle of the dorsum of the foot

Back 7

lateral tarsal artery

Front 8

function of the muscle of the dorsum of the foot

Back 8

dorsiflex toes one through four

Front 9

a small muscle located at the dorsolateral aspect of the foot

Back 9

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Front 10

origin of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 10

floor of the sinus tarsi
and the anterior process of the calcaneus

Front 11

insertion of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 11

lateral aspect of the extensor digitorum longus tendons 2, 3, 4, within the extensor expansion

Front 12

the muscle belly passes in a distomedial direction and is relatively short

Back 12

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Front 13

the tendons then pass to the dorsolateral aspect of the respective toe

Back 13

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Front 14

action of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 14

dorsiflex toes 2, 3 and 4 at the metatarsophalangeal joints

Front 15

innervation of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 15

lateral terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve

Front 16

arterial supply to the Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 16

lateral tarsal artery

Front 17

Two variations of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 17

an additional tendon to the 5th toe
fewer than 3 tendons

Front 18

distinct medial belly and tendon of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle

Back 18

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Front 19

tendon is often palpable and sometimes visible over the forefoot during contraction

Back 19

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Front 20

origin of the Extensor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Back 20

floor of the sinus tarsi and the anterior process of the calcaneus

Front 21

insertion of the Extensor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Back 21

dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux

Front 22

action of the Extensor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Back 22

dorsiflex the hallux at the metatarsophalangeal joint

Front 23

innervation of the Extensor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Back 23

lateral terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve

Front 24

arterial supply to the Extensor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Back 24

lateral tarsal artery

Front 25

the muscle belly passes distomedially and is longer than the extensor digitorum brevis muscle belly; the tendon passes over the dorsal aspect of the first metatarsal head to its insertion

Back 25

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Front 26

its tendon passes superficially over the dorsalis pedis artery

Back 26

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Front 27

arteries lie _____ to the muscles and tendons of the dorsal foot

Back 27

deep

Front 28

continuation of the anterior tibial artery, courses dorsally over the medial midfoot (usually the navicular and intermediate cuneiform)

Back 28

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

Front 29

its pulse can be palpated at this level, intermediate to the extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus muscle tendons

Back 29

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

Front 30

it lies deep to the muscle bellies at the transverse crural ligament and passes deep to the cruciate crural ligament

Back 30

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

Front 31

if the anterior tibial artery is absent, the dorsalis pedis artery arises from the _______________

Back 31

perforating peroneal artery

Front 32

branch of the dorsalis pedis artery which passes distolaterally, deep to the extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis muscle bellies and supplies them

Back 32

Lateral Tarsal Artery

Front 33

anastomoses with the arcuate artery, the lateral plantar artery and the perforating peroneal artery

Back 33

Lateral Tarsal Artery

Front 34

supplies tarsal bones, extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis muscles, and deep soft tissue structures

Back 34

Lateral Tarsal Artery

Front 35

its pulse can be palpated near the proximomedial edge of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle belly

Back 35

Lateral Tarsal Artery

Front 36

usually 2 or 3 small branches; anastomoses with the medial part of the malleolar arterial network and the
medial plantar artery

Back 36

Medial Tarsal Artery

Front 37

supplies medial tarsal bones and deep soft tissue structures

Back 37

Medial Tarsal Artery

Front 38

a branch of the dorsalis pedis artery near the base of the 2nd metatarsal which passes laterally across the bases of the metatarsal bones 2 through 5

Back 38

Arcuate Artery

Front 39

anastomoses with the lateral tarsal artery and gives rise to 3 dorsal metatarsal arteries

Back 39

Arcuate Artery

Front 40

if the arcuate artery is absent, the dorsal metatarsal arteries arise from either the __________ or the ___________ (between the dorsal and plantar metatarsal arteries at the proximal end of the intermetatarsal space)

Back 40

lateral tarsal artery
proximal perforating arteries

Front 41

when the dorsal metatarsal arteries arise from the lateral tarsal artery, then the lateral tarsal artery is in a more ________ position

Back 41

distal

Front 42

the lateral tarsal artery position can be normal when the dorsal metatarsal arteries arise from the ___________

Back 42

proximal perforating arteries

Front 43

arises between the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal bases and passes distally within the 2nd intermetatarsal space (interspace), dorsally

Back 43

2nd Dorsal Metatarsal Artery

Front 44

rests on the belly of the 2nd dorsal interosseous muscle

Back 44

2nd Dorsal Metatarsal Artery

Front 45

terminations of the 2nd dorsal metatarsal artery; four supplies the lateral side of 2nd toe and five supplies the medial side of the 3rd toe

Back 45

Common Dorsal Digital Arteries 4 & 5

Front 46

a branch of the 2nd dorsal metatarsal artery that passes plantarly at the proximal intermetatarsal space

Back 46

2nd Proximal Perforating Artery

Front 47

provides anastomosis between the second dorsal metatarsal artery and the second plantar metatarsal artery

Back 47

2nd Proximal Perforating Artery

Front 48

a branch of the second dorsal metatarsal artery which passes plantarly at the distal interspace

Back 48

Second Distal Perforating Artery

Front 49

provides anastomosis between the second dorsal metatarsal artery and the second plantar metatarsa

Back 49

Second Distal Perforating Artery

Front 50

arises between the 3rd and 4th metatarsal bases and passes distally within the intermetatarsal space, dorsally

Back 50

Third Dorsal Metatarsal Artery

Front 51

rests on the belly of the 3rd dorsal interosseous muscle

Back 51

Third Dorsal Metatarsal Artery

Front 52

terminations of the 3rd dorsal metatarsal artery; six supplies the lateral side of the 3rd toe and seven supplies the medial side of the 4th toe

Back 52

Common Dorsal Digital Arteries 6 & 7

Front 53

a branch of the third dorsal metatarsal artery that passes plantarly at the proximal intermetatarsal

Back 53

3rd Proximal Perforating Artery

Front 54

provides anastomosis between the third dorsal metatarsal and third plantar metatarsal arteries

Back 54

3rd Proximal Perforating Artery

Front 55

a branch of the 3rd dorsal metatarsal artery that passes plantarly at the distal intermetatarsal space

Back 55

provides anastomosis between the 3rd
dorsal and plantar metatarsal aa.

Front 56

arises between the 4th and 5th metatarsal bases and passes distally within the intermetatarsal space, dorsally

Back 56

Fourth Dorsal Metatarsal Artery

Front 57

rests on the belly of the 4th dorsal interosseous muscle

Back 57

Fourth Dorsal Metatarsal Artery

Front 58

terminations of the 4th dorsal metatarsal artery; eight supplies the lateral side of the 4th toe and nine supplies the medial side of the 5th toe

Back 58

Common Dorsal Digital Arteries 8 & 9

Front 59

a branch of the 4th dorsal metatarsal artery that passes plantarly at the 4th proximal intermetatarsal space

Back 59

Fourth Proximal Perforating Artery

Front 60

provides anastamosis between the 4th dorsal metatarsal artery and the 4th plantar metatarsal artery

Back 60

Fourth Proximal Perforating Artery

Front 61

a branch of the 4th dorsal metatarsal artery that passes plantarly at the distal intermetatarsal space

Back 61

Fourth Distal Perforating Artery

Front 62

provides anastomosis between the 4th dorsal metatarsal artery and the 4th plantar metatarsal artery

Back 62

Fourth Distal Perforating Artery

Front 63

branch of the 4th dorsal metatarsal artery, courses dorsally over the 5th metatarsal and supplies the dorsolateral side of the 5th toe

Back 63

Proper Dorsal Digital Artery 10 (of Fifth Digit)

Front 64

may be a branch of the arcuate artery

Back 64

Proper Dorsal Digital Artery 10 (of Fifth Digit)

Front 65

terminal branch of the dorsalis pedis artery; passes distally within the 1st interspace, dorsally

Back 65

First Dorsal Metatarsal Artery

Front 66

rests on the dorsal surface of the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle

Back 66

First Dorsal Metatarsal Artery

Front 67

terminations of the 1st dorsal metatarsal artery

Back 67

Common Dorsal Digital Arteries 2 & 3

Front 68

two supplies the lateral side of the hallux and three supplies the medial side of the 2nd toe

Back 68

Common Dorsal Digital Arteries 2 & 3

Front 69

branch of first dorsal metatarsal artery, courses dorsally over the first metatarsal and supplies the medial side of the hallux

Back 69

Proper Dorsal Digital Artery 1 (of the Hallux)

Front 70

branch of the 1st dorsal metatarsal artery that arises at the distal end of the 1st interspace and passes plantarly

Back 70

First Distal Perforating Artery

Front 71

provides anastomosis between the 1st dorsal and plantar metatarsal arteries

Back 71

First Distal Perforating Artery

Front 72

passes into the lateral aspect of the metatarsal shaft near the center

Back 72

Nutrient Artery to the First Metatarsal

Front 73

terminal branch of the dorsalis pedis artery

Back 73

Deep Plantar Artery

Front 74

arises at the proximal end of the 1st interspace and passes plantarly to anastomose with the plantar arterial arch

Back 74

Deep Plantar Artery

Front 75

courses with the anterior tibial artery

Back 75

Deep Peroneal Nerve

Front 76

in the ankle and foot, the nerve lies lateral to the artery and passes deep to the superior and inferior extensor retinaculum before dividing

Back 76

Deep Peroneal Nerve

Front 77

similar course as the arcuate artery or the lateral tarsal artery

Back 77

Lateral Terminal Branch of the Deep Peroneal Nerve

Front 78

passes deep to and innervates the extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis muscle bellies

Back 78

Lateral Terminal Branch of the Deep Peroneal Nerve

Front 79

sends minute branches into the 2 through 4 interspaces which supply the intertarsal, tarsometatarsal and metatarsophalangeal joints of these toes

Back 79

Lateral Terminal Branch of the Deep Peroneal Nerve

Front 80

appears to be the continuation of the deep peroneal nerve

Back 80

Medial Terminal Branch of the Deep Peroneal Nerve

Front 81

courses with the dorsalis pedis artery, then the 1st dorsal metatarsal artery

Back 81

Medial Terminal Branch of the Deep Peroneal Nerve

Front 82

at the 1st web space it pierces the fascia dorsalis pedis and becomes subcutaneous

Back 82

Medial Terminal Branch of the Deep Peroneal Nerve

Front 83

innervates 1st metatarsal-medial cuneiform joint and 1st metatarsophalangeal joint

Back 83

Medial Terminal Branch of the Deep Peroneal Nerve

Front 84

innervates part of the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle

Back 84

Medial Terminal Branch of the Deep Peroneal Nerve

Front 85

Two branches of the Medial Terminal Branch of the Deep Peroneal Nerve

Back 85

Proper Dorsal Digital Nerve 2
Proper Dorsal Digital Nerve 3

Front 86

the medial branch of the Medial Terminal Branch of the Deep Peroneal nerve after it exits the deep fascia

Back 86

Proper Dorsal Digital Nerve 2

Front 87

innervates the lateral aspect of the hallux

Back 87

Proper Dorsal Digital Nerve 2

Front 88

the lateral branch of the nerve after it exits the deep fascia

Back 88

Proper Dorsal Digital Nerve 3

Front 89

innervates the medial aspect of the 2nd toe

Back 89

Proper Dorsal Digital Nerve 3

Front 90

Along the dorsum of the foot, the nerves are __________ to the muscles and are found within the subcutaneous layer; the proper dorsal digital nerves are also _____ to the superficial veins

Back 90

superficial
deep

Front 91

The plantar aspect of the foot is covered with a thick cutaneous layer of skin (averages ____ mm) as well as a thick subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue called the plantar fat pad (averages ___ mm)

Back 91

0.64
18

Front 92

The layer of adipose tissue is generally less thick in the area of the _____________

Back 92

medial longitudinal arch

Front 93

The plantar fat pad is generally kept in place by fibers of the plantar aponeurosis called _____

Back 93

septae

Front 94

The fat pad is thickest in weight-bearing areas: the ___________, the _________ and the __________

Back 94

metatarsophalangeal joints
lateral column
calcaneus

Front 95

At the _________, the septae pass in a spiral arrangement and create U-shaped columns to contain the elastic adipose tissue

Back 95

heel

Front 96

There are diagonal and transverse elastic fibers that separate the larger compartments into smaller compartments. Some of the smaller compartments open into the larger compartments. This overall design provides significant ________ required at the heel and creates some _______ with compression

Back 96

shock absorption
rotation

Front 97

At the ____________ the fibrous septae are arranged into a complex whorl pattern

Back 97

metatarsophalangeal joints

Front 98

The metatarsophalangeal joints contains adipose tissue and the whole structure is attached by _______ fibers to the skin and to the plantar fascia. This will also protect against compressive and shearing forces like the heel pad.

Back 98

vertical septal

Front 99

Skin tension is dependent on the underlying _________ and ___________ and the directions of those structures.

Back 99

soft tissue
boney structures

Front 100

The ___________, which follow the long axis of the oval shape, suggest the direction in which to make a surgical incision for a more cosmetically acceptable scar. A round hole made in the skin will become an oval shape due to the structure and orientation of the collagen fibers.

Back 100

lines of Langer

Front 101

___________ are oriented perpendicular to the action of the underlying muscles. This is parallel to the line of greatest tension in the skin. Plastic and reconstructive surgeons commonly use these lines for elective incisions on the body.

Back 101

Kraissl lines

Front 102

__________ also called __________ correspond to the directional pull of the skin. They may or may not correspond to the normal skin lines. A skin incision places along these lines will produce a more cosmetically acceptable scar. Plastic and reconstructive surgeons commonly use these for elective incisions on the face

Back 102

Relaxed skin tension lines (RSTLs)
Borges’ Lines

Front 103

A very strong, thick layer of dense connective tissue that attaches to the plantar skin and bones of the foot, and provides partial attachment for some of the muscles of the plantar aspect of the foot

Back 103

plantar fascia
or
plantar aponeurosis

Front 104

the thinnest part of the plantar fascia; attaches bone to deep fascia; septae pass to skin along this course and contain the fat pad

Back 104

Medial Slip

Front 105

proximal attachment of the Medial Slip

Back 105

medial tubercle of the calcaneal tuberosity, medial aspect

Front 106

distal attachment of the medial slip

Back 106

no true bony attachments distally
it blends with the fascia dorsalis pedis and the lower band of the inferior extensor retinaculum medially, and with the central band of the plantar aponeurosis laterally

Front 107

part of the plantar fascia that attaches bone to bone; septae pass to skin along this course and contain the fat pad

Back 107

Lateral Slip

Front 108

proximal attachment of the Lateral Slip

Back 108

the lateral tubercle of the calcaneal tuberosity

Front 109

distal attachment of the Lateral Slip

Back 109

the styloid process of the 5th metatarsal

Front 110

part of the plantar fascia that blends with the fascia dorsalis pedis and the lower band of the inferior extensor retinaculum medially, and with the central band of the plantar aponeurosis laterally

Back 110

medial slip

Front 111

part of the plantar fascia that blends with fascia dorsalis pedis laterally, and with the central band of plantar fascia medially

Back 111

Lateral Slip

Front 112

the thickest and strongest part of the plantar fascia; attaches bone to bone and bone to skin

Back 112

Central Slip

Front 113

proximal attachment of the Central Slip

Back 113

medial tubercle of the calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aspect

Front 114

distal attachments of the central slip

Back 114

near the metatarsal heads

Front 115

This part of the plantar fascia divides into 5 bands (one for each metatarsal) at the level of the forefoot and into superficial and deep layers

Back 115

central slip

Front 116

most plantar of the central slip; septae pass to skin along their course and contain the fat pad; attaches bone to skin

Back 116

Superficial Layer of Central Slip

Front 117

part of the central slip that attaches to the skin of the sulcus between the toes and the forefoot

Back 117

Longitudinal Fibers of Superficial Layer

Front 118

part of the central slip that arises near the skin attachment at the sulcus and course from one digital band to another forming the superficial transverse metatarsal ligament at the level of the metatarsophalangeal joints

Back 118

Transverse Fibers of Superficial Layer

Front 119

The transverse fibers of the superficial layer arise near the skin attachment at the sulcus and course from one digital band to another forming the _______________ at the level of the metatarsophalangeal joints

Back 119

superficial transverse metatarsal ligament

Front 120

splits into medial and lateral slips that pass along either side of the long and short flexor tendons creating the flexor sheaths

Back 120

Deep Layer of Central Band

Front 121

attach to the proximal phalangeal bases at the medial tubercles, respectively, ex. the 2nd band attaches to the medial proximal phalaneal base of the 2nd toe

Back 121

Medial Slips of the Deep Layer of Central Band

Front 122

attach to the lateral tubercles of the base of the proximal phalanx of the respective digit, ex. the 3rd band attaches to the lateral proximal phalangeal base of the 3rd toe

Back 122

Lateral Slips of the Deep Layer of Central Band

Front 123

the Deep Layer of Central Band splits into medial and lateral slips that pass along either side of the long
and short flexor tendons creating the __________

Back 123

flexor sheaths

Front 124

fibrous tunnels that protect the long and short flexor tendons; formed as the slips blend with surrounding structures

Back 124

Flexor sheaths

Front 125

dorsal border of the Flexor sheaths

Back 125

deep transverse metatarsal ligament

Front 126

medial border of the Flexor sheaths

Back 126

medial slip of deep layer of central band of plantar
aponeurosis for the respective toe

Front 127

plantar border of the Flexor sheaths

Back 127

superficial transverse metatarsal ligament

Front 128

lateral border of the Flexor sheaths

Back 128

lateral slip of deep layer of central band of plantar
fascia for the respective toe

Front 129

a relatively firm ligament that connects one metatarsal head to the next at the volar plate

Back 129

deep transverse metatarsal ligament

Front 130

the ligament between the 1st and 2nd metatarsal heads is often thinner and
occasionally absent

Back 130

deep transverse metatarsal ligament

Front 131

a thickening of the plantar aspect of the capsule and the plantar metatarsophalangeal ligament of the metatarsophalangeal joints that serves as a site of attachment for the deep transverse metatarsal ligament

Back 131

Volar Plate

Front 132

1st metatarsophalangeal joint plate is less thick due to the presence of _______

Back 132

sesmoids

Front 133

There are_____ layers of muscles on the plantar aspect of the foot

Back 133

4

Front 134

innervation of the muscles of the plantar foot

Back 134

medial and lateral plantar nerves

Front 135

arterial supply to the muscles of the plantar foot

Back 135

medial and lateral plantar arteries

Front 136

Muscles of the first plantar layer

Back 136

abductor hallucis muscle
abductor digiti minimi

Front 137

the medial muscle of the 1st plantar layer of muscles

Back 137

abductor hallucis muscle

Front 138

the Abductor Hallucis Muscles lies deep to and takes partial origin from the _______ of the plantar fascia; often a visible bulge on the medial side of the foot during weight bearing (near the calcaneus)

Back 138

medial band

Front 139

origin of the Abductor Hallucis Muscle

Back 139

medial tubercle (medial aspect) of the calcaneal tuberosity and the laciniate Ligament / flexor retinaculum

Front 140

insertion of the Abductor Hallucis Muscle

Back 140

plantar medial tubercle of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux and some fibers insert onto the medial (tibial) sesamoid

Front 141

action of the Abductor Hallucis Muscle

Back 141

abducts the hallux (moves it away from the midline of the foot); aids in plantar flexion of the hallux

Front 142

innervation of the Abductor Hallucis Muscle

Back 142

medial plantar nerve

Front 143

arterial supply to the Abductor Hallucis Muscle

Back 143

medial plantar artery

Front 144

the muscle belly passes along the medial longitudinal arch of the foot, becomes tendinous at the midshaft of the 1st metatarsal bone and passes along the plantar medial aspect of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint

Back 144

Abductor Hallucis Musclest

Front 145

the "door of the foot"; the area (space) between the medial surface of the calcaneus and the abductor
hallucis muscle belly

Back 145

Porta Pedis

Front 146

the distal extent of the tarsal tunnel; many neurovascular structures to the planta of the foot pass through this area

Back 146

Porta Pedis

Front 147

the Porta Pedis is the distal extent of the _______

Back 147

tarsal tunnel

Front 148

the lateral muscle of the 1st layer of plantar muscle

Back 148

Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle

Front 149

The Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle lies deep to and takes partial origin from the _______ of the plantar fascia

Back 149

lateral band

Front 150

origin of the Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle

Back 150

the lateral tubercle of the calcaneal tuberosity and the lateral edge of the medial tubercle of the calcaneal tuberosity

Front 151

insertion of the Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle

Back 151

plantar lateral tubercle of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe

Front 152

action of the Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle

Back 152

abducts the 5th toe;
aids in plantar flexion of the 5th toe

Front 153

innervation of the Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle

Back 153

lateral plantar nerve

Front 154

arterial supply to the Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle

Back 154

lateral plantar artery

Front 155

the muscle belly passes along the lateral longitudinal arch and the groove on the plantar surface of the 5th metatarsal base, it becomes tendinous near midshaft and passes along the plantar lateral aspect of the 5th metatarsophalangeal joint

Back 155

Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle

Front 156

the central muscle of the 1st layer of plantar muscles

Back 156

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Front 157

the Flexor Digitorum Brevis Musclel ies deep to and takes partial origin from the _______ of the plantar fascia

Back 157

central band

Front 158

origin of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 158

plantar aponeurosis, central band and medial calcaneal tubercle, plantar aspect

Front 159

insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 159

plantar aspect of the bases of the middle phalanges of digits 2 through 5

Front 160

action of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 160

plantar flex the lesser digits, begins at the proximal interphalangeal joints
then the metatarsophalangeal joints

Front 161

innervation of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 161

medial plantar nerve

Front 162

arterial supply to the Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle

Back 162

medial plantar artery

Front 163

Muscles of the second layer of the plantar muscles

Back 163

quadratus plantae muscle
lumbricale muscles

Front 164

proximal muscle of the 2nd layer of plantar muscles

Back 164

Quadratus Plantae Muscle

Front 165

sometimes called flexor accessorius muscle

Back 165

Quadratus Plantae Muscle

Front 166

muscle that lies deep to flexor digitorum brevis muscle belly

Back 166

Quadratus Plantae Muscle

Front 167

Quadratus Plantae Muscle has 2 heads of origin which are separated by the ___________

Back 167

long plantar ligament

Front 168

origin of the Quadratus Plantae Muscle medial head

Back 168

medial surface of the calcaneus (inferior to the groove for flexor hallucis longus tendon)
[the larger and more muscular part]

Front 169

insertion of the Quadratus Plantae Muscle

Back 169

the tendon of flexor digitorum longus muscle

Front 170

action of the Quadratus Plantae Muscle

Back 170

modifies the direction of pull of the flexor digitorum longus muscle (modifies the action of the flexor digitorum longus muscle); the flexor digitorum longus muscle will pull in a more posterior direction instead of a medial posterior direction

Front 171

innervation of the Quadratus Plantae Muscle

Back 171

lateral plantar nerve

Front 172

arterial supply to the Quadratus Plantae Muscle

Back 172

medial plantar and lateral plantar arteries

Front 173

origin of the Quadratus Plantae Muscle lateral head

Back 173

trigonum plantare of calcaneus, proximolaterally (inferior aspect of the calcaneus, distal to the calcaneal lateral tubercle)

Front 174

distal muscles of the 2nd layer (at the forefoot); there are 4 of them; one muscle for each intermetatarsal space

Back 174

Lumbricale Muscles

Front 175

origin of the Lumbricale Muscles

Back 175

1st - medial side of 1st tendon of flexor digitorum longus muscle
2,3,4 - adjacent sides of the tendons of flexor digitorum longus muscle; one between each two tendons

Front 176

insertion of the Lumbricale Muscles

Back 176

the medial aspect of the extensor wing portion of the extensor expansion / extensor hood apparatus at the proximal phalangeal base; the 1st lumbrical muscle inserts into the extensor wing of the 2nd metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ)

Front 177

action of the Lumbricale Muscles

Back 177

flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints (PIPJs and DIPJs) of the lesser toes, simultaneously (the bye-bye muscles); ex. 1st lumbrical muscle acts
upon the 2nd toe, etc.

Front 178

innervation of the Lumbricale Muscles

Back 178

1st - medial plantar nerve
2,3,4 - deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve

Front 179

arterial supply of the Lumbricale Muscles

Back 179

plantar metatarsal arteries, respectively; ex. the 1st plantar metatarsal artery supplies the 1st lumbrical muscle, etc.

Front 180

T or F:
the second lumbricale is rarely absent

Back 180

true

Front 181

muscles of the third layer of the plantar muscles

Back 181

flexor hallucis brevis
flexor digiti minimi brevis
adductor hallucis

Front 182

tendons that pass through the third layer of plantar muscles

Back 182

peroneus longus
tibialis posterior

Front 183

the medial muscle of the third layer of plantar muscles; has a y-shaped tendinous origin

Back 183

Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Front 184

origin of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle lateral part

Back 184

adjacent plantar aspects of the cuboid (medial edge of the peroneal ridge) and the lateral cuneiform (adjacent plantar area)

Front 185

origin of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle medial part

Back 185

tendon of tibialis posterior muscle (near the cuneiforms)

Front 186

insertion of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Back 186

plantar medial and plantar lateral tubercles of the base of the hallucal proximal phalanx

Front 187

action of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Back 187

flexes the hallux at the metatarsophalangeal joint

Front 188

innervation of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Back 188

medial plantar nerve

Front 189

arterial supply to the Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Back 189

first plantar metatarsal artery (from the plantar arch artery)

Front 190

the muscle fibers blend as they pass distally then separate into 2 tendons, each tendon surrounds a sesamoid bone before inserting onto the proximal phalanx; ex. the medial tendon encloses the medial or tibial sesamoid then inserts onto the plantar medial aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux, etc.

Back 190

Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle

Front 191

small muscle located at the plantar lateral aspect of the forefoot; passes directly along the metatarsal shaft

Back 191

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Muscle

Front 192

origin of the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Muscle

Back 192

plantar medial aspect of the base of 5th metatarsal and fibularis longus
tendon sheath / fibular canal

Front 193

insertion of the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Muscle

Back 193

plantar lateral aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of 5th abductor digiti minimi muscle

Front 194

action of the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Muscle

Back 194

plantar flexion (flexion) of the 5th digit at the metatarsophalangeal joint; some abduction of the 5th digit often occurs

Front 195

innervation of the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Muscle

Back 195

superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve

Front 196

arterial supply to the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Muscle

Back 196

superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve

Front 197

(variation) an insertion of the flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle on the plantar aspect of the 5th metatarsal head; functions to plantar flex and adduct the 5th metatarsal; to oppose the 1st metatarsal

Back 197

Opponens Digiti Minimi Muscle

Front 198

the central muscle of the 3 layer of the plantar muscles

Back 198

Adductor Hallucis Muscle

Front 199

sometimes called the transverse pedis muscle; has 2 heads of origin; transverse and oblique

Back 199

Adductor Hallucis Muscle

Front 200

origin of the Adductor Hallucis Muscle transverse head

Back 200

the 3rd through 5th plantar plates and the deep transverse metatarsal ligament, plantarly

Front 201

origin of the Adductor Hallucis Muscle oblique head

Back 201

plantar aspect of the bases of 2 through4th metatarsals and the fibularis longus tendon sheath / fibular canal

Front 202

insertion of the Adductor Hallucis Muscle

Back 202

lateral / fibular sesamoid and lateral tubercle of the 1
base

Front 203

action of the Adductor Hallucis Muscle

Back 203

adducts the hallux (toward the midline of the foot);
aids in plantar flexion of the hallux

Front 204

innervation supply to the Adductor Hallucis Muscle

Back 204

deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve

Front 205

arterial supply to the Adductor Hallucis Muscle

Back 205

plantar metatarsal arteries (all 4)

Front 206

an insertion of the adductor hallucis muscle on the plantar aspect of the metatarsals and proximal phalangeal
1st metatarsal head; functions to adduct and plantar flex the first metatarsal; to oppose the 5th metatarsal

Back 206

Opponens Hallucis Muscle

Front 207

anatomic area at the posteromedial aspect of the ankle

Back 207

Tarsal Tunnel

Front 208

Tarsal Tunnel extends from the proximal edge of the ________ to the distal edge of the _________

Back 208

flexor retinaculum
porta pedis

Front 209

medial/superficial border of the tarsal tunnel

Back 209

the laciniate ligament / flexor retinaculum, proximal;
the abductor hallucis muscle belly, distal

Front 210

the lateral/deep border of the tarsal tunnel

Back 210

the posterior talotibial ligaments, proximal;
the calcaneotibial ligament with the ankle joint capsule, superior and distal;
the medial surface of the calcaneus, inferior and distal

Front 211

the anterior border of the tarsal tunnel

Back 211

the medial malleolus;
the posterior process of talus;
the sustentaculum tali

Front 212

the posterior border of the tarsal tunnel

Back 212

the laciniate ligament;
the abductor hallucis muscle belly

Front 213

contents of the tarsal tunnel from anterior to posterior

Back 213

tibialis posterior tendon
flexor digitorum longus tendon
posterior tibial artery (and its venae comitantes)
medial calcaneal arteries (and venae comitantes)
tibial nerve
medial calcaneal nerve
flexor hallucis longus tendon

Front 214

becomes the medial and lateral plantar arteries within the tarsal tunnel, usually near the porta pedis

Back 214

Posterior Tibial Artery & its venae comitantes

Front 215

becomes the medial and lateral plantar nerves within the tarsal tunnel, usually at the proximal end

Back 215

Tibial Nerve

Front 216

occasionally present (7%) and may cause tibial nerve entrapment; passes through the tarsal tunnel with the tibial nerve

Back 216

Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus Muscle

Front 217

origin of the Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus Muscle

Back 217

may arise at any level in the posterior crural compartment, from soft tissue or osseous structures; most from distal structures

Front 218

insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus Muscle

Back 218

inserts into the flexor digitorum longus tendon with the quadratus plantae muscle, normally

Front 219

action of the Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus Muscle

Back 219

supinates the subtalar joint

Front 220

innervation of the Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus Muscle

Back 220

tibial nerve

Front 221

arterial supply of the Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus Muscle

Back 221

posterior tibial artery and fibular artery