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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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FORM A CLOSED CIRCUIT OF TUBES THAT CARRY BLOOD FROM THE HEART TO THE BODY CELLS AND BACK AGAIN
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BLOOD VESSELS
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OUTERMOST LAYER, CONSISTS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUES (ELASTIC AND COLLAGENOUS); APPEAR THIN IN ARTERIES, BUT THICK IN VEINS
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TUNICA EXTERNA OR TUNICA ADVENTITIA
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PART OF TUNICA MEDIA THAT IS ELASTIC WITH SMOOTH MUSCLE; FUNCTION IS DURABILITY
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ARTERIES
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PART OF TUNICA MEDIA THAT'S COLLAGENOUS WITH SMOOTH MUSCLE; MAIN FUNCTION IS SUPPORT
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VEINS
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MIDDLE LAYER OF BLOOD VESSELS, CONSISTIS MAINLY OF SMOOTH MUSCLES AND COLLAGENOUS FIBERS
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TUNICA MEDIA
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INNERMOST LAYER CONSISTING OF SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS
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TUNICA INTERNA OR TUNICA INTIMA
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF TUNICA MEDIA?
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REGULATE DIAMETER OF BLOOD VESSELS
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TUNICA INTERNA IS CONTINUOUS TO WHAT?
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ENDOCARDIUM OF HEART
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CENTRAL SPACE OF BLOOD VESSEL
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LUMEN
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ALSO KNOWN AS CONDUCTING ARTERIES
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ELASTIC ARTERIES
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CONTAINS MORE ELASTIC FIBERS THAN ANY OTHER VESSELS...THIS ENABLES IT TO WITHSTAND AND SMOOTH OUT LARGE PRESSURE FLUCTUATION
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ELASTIC ARTERIES OR CONDUCTING ARTERIES
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WHY ARE ELASTIC ARTERIES SOMEETIMES CALLED CONDUCTING ARTERIES?
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BECAUSE THEY CONDUCT BLOOD TO THE MEDIUM SIZED ARTERIES
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ARTERIES THAT DELIVER BLOOD TO THE SKELETAL MUSCLES AND INTERNAL ORGANS
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MUSCULAR, DISTRIBUTING, OR MEDIUM-SIZED ARTERIES
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THE CHANGES IN THEIR DIAMETER AFFECT THE AMOUNT OF FORCE REQUIRED TO PUSH BLOOD AROUND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
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ARTERIOLES
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WHAT ARE ARTERIOLES SOMETIMES CALLED AND WHY?
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RESISTANCE VESSELS BECAUSE THEIR STRUCTUIRE RESISTS HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
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MICROSCOPIC VESSELS THAT SUPPLY ALMOST ALL BODY TISSUES; WALLS CONSIST OF ONLY A SINGLE LAYER OF CELLS
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CAPILLARIES
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WHERE NUTRIENTS, HORMONES, GASES, AND WASTES ARE EXCHANGED BETWEEN THE BLOOD AND CELLS
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CAPILLARIES
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SMOOTH MUSCLE-LIKE CELLS THAT STABILIZE CAPILLARY WALL
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PERICYTES
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3 TYPES OF CAPILLARIES
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CONTINUOUS, FENESTRATED, AND SINUSOIDS OR SINUSOIDAL
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THIS TYPE OF CAPILLARY OCCURS IN ALL TISSUES (SKIN AND MUSCLES), EXCEPT EPITHELIA AND CARTILAGE
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CONTINUOUS
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JUNCTIONS JUST LARGE ENOUGH TO ALLOW PASSAGE OF FLUIDS AND SMALL SOLUTES THROUGH CONTINUOUS CAPILLARIES
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INTERCELLULAR CLEFTS
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BRAIN CAPILLARIES ARE UNIQUE CONTINUOUS CAPILLARIES BECAUSE THEY ARE COMPLETE, AND CONSTITUTE THE STRUCTURAL BASIS OF WHAT?
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BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER
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CAPILLARIES WITH "WINDOWS", OR PORES, OR FENESTRATIONS COVERED WITH A DELICATE MEMBRANE OF DIAPHRAGM
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FENESTRATED
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WHERE ARE FENESTRATED CAPILLARES FOUND?
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KIDNEYS, INTESTINE, ENDOCRINE GLANDS, CHOROID PLEXUS
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CAPILLARIES FOUND IN AREAS WHERE ABSORPTION AND FILTRATE FORMATION OCCUR
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FENESTRATED
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SPECIALIZED FENESTRATED CAPILLARIES, HIGHLY MODIFIED AND "LEAKY"
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SINUSOIDS OR SINUSOIDAL
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FOUND IN AREAS WHERE LARGE MOLECULES NEED TO PASS
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SINUSOIDS OR SINUSOIDAL
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EXAMPLES OF WHERE SINUSOIDS MAY BE FOUND
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LIVER, BONE MARROW, ADRENAL GLAND
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CAPILLARIES DO NOT FUNCTION AS INDIVIDUAL UNITS, BUT RATHER AS WHAT?
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INTERCONNECTED NETWORK
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CAPILLARY BEDS OR CAPILLARY PLEXUS
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INTERCONNECTED NETWORK
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FLOW OF BLOOD FROM ARTERIOLE TO BENULE THROUGH THE CAPILLARY BEDS
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MICROCIRCULATION
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CONNECTS THE ARTERIOLE AND VENULE AT OPPOSITE ENDS OF THE BEDS
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VASCULAR SHUNTS
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2 TYPE OF VESSELS THAT CONSTITUTE CAPILLARY BED
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VASCULAR SHUNT AND TRUE CAPILLARIES
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WHERE ACTUAL EXCHANGE OF MATERIALS BETWEEN BLOOD AND CELLS OCCURS
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TRUE CAPILLARIES
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BAND OF SMOOTH MUSCLES THAT GUARD THE ENTRANCE OF EACH CAPILLARY
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PRECAPILLARY SPHINCTER
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MAJOR FUNCTION OF VENOUS SYSTEM
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BLOOD RESERVOIR FOR CAPACITANCE VESSELS
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WHICH HOLDS MORE BLOOD VOLUME, VEINS OR ARTERIES?
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veins
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characterized by large lumen and thin walls
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VEINS
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SMALLEST VEINS; THEY COLLECT BLOOD FROM CAPILLARY BEDS
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VENULES
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COMPARABLE IN SIZE TO MUSCULAR ARTERIES
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MEDIUM-SIZED VEINS
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THICKEST LAYER ON VEINS; CONTAINS ELASTIC AND COLLAGEN FIBERS
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TUNICA EXTERNA
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WHAT CONTROLS THE FLOW O BLOOD TO THE CAPILLARIES?
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ARTERIOLES
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WHAT STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS AS CAPACITATE VESSEL?
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VEINS
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WHAT FUNCTIONS AS A BLOOD RESERVOIR?
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VEINS
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WHERE CHANNELS UNITE
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VASCULAR ANASTOMES
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PROVIDE ALTERNATE PATHWAYS FOR BLOOD TO REACH A GIVEN BODY REGION
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ARTERIAL ANASTOMOSES
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THOROUGHFARE CHANNEL SHUNTS OF CAPILLARY BEDS
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ARTERIOVENOUS ANASTOMOSES
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VEINS THAT ARE MORE COMMON ON BACK OF HAND
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VENOUS ANASTOMOSES
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THE FORCE EXERTED BY THE BLOOD ON THE WALL OF A BLOOD VESSEL
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BLOOD PRESSURE
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HOW IS BLOOD PRESSURE RECORDED?
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mmHG
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3 AREAS CIRCULATORY PRESSURE IS OFTEN DIVIDED INTO
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BLOOD PRESSURE, CAPILLARY HYDROSTATIC PRESURE, AND VENOUS PRESSURE
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RANGES FROM 100 mmHG TO ABOUT 35 mmHG AT THE START OF CAPILLARY BEDS
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BLOOD PRESSURE
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BLOOD PRESSURE IS ALSO CALLED
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ARTERIAL PRESSURE
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RANGES FROM 35-18mmHG; MEASURES CAPILLARIES
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CAPILLARY HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
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TYPICALLY QUITE LOW AND RELATIVELY STEADY/ ONLY ABOUT 18 mmHG
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VENOUS PRESSURE
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WHAT 2 FACTORS DOES BLOOD PRESSURE REFLECT
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HW MUCH ELASTIC ARTERIES CAN BE STRETCHED & VOLUME OF BLOD FORCED INTO THEM AT ANY TIME
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THE MORE ELASTICITY AN ARTERY HAS, THE ?
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LOWER BLOOD PRESSURE
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VISCOSITY IS DEFINED AS
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VOLUME OF BLOOD
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RHYTHMIC PRESSURE OSCILLATION THE ACCOMPANIES EACH HEARTBEAT
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PULSE
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC PRESSURE
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PULSE PRESSURE
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WHEN THE VENTRICLES CONTRACT
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SYSTOLIC PRESSURE
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WHEN VENTRICLES RELAX
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DIASTOLIC PRESSURE
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PRESSURE THAT PROPELS BLOOD TO TISSUES IN CARDIAC CYCLE
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MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE (MAP)
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MAP=
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DIASTOLIC PRESSURE + PULSE PRESSURE/3
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BLOOD PRESSURE GREATER THAN 150/90
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HYPERTENSION
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WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE
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HEART ACTION, BLOOD VOLUME, AND PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE
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CREATES BLOOD'S PRESSURE BY FORCING BLOOD INTO ARTERIES
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HEART ACTION
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EQUALS THE SUM OF BLOOD CELL AND PLASMA VOLUMES IN VASCULAR SYSTEM
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BLOOD VOLUME
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OPPOSITION TO THE FLOW OF BLOOD
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PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE
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A MEASURE OF AMOUNT OF FRICTION BLOD ENCOUNTERS AS IT PASSESTHROUGH THE VESSELS
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RESISTANCE (PERIPHERAL)
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3 IMPORTANT SOURCES OF RESITANCE
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VISCOSITY, TOTAL BLOOD VESSEL LENGTH, BLOOD VESSEL DIAMETER
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A BIGGER BODY...MEANS LONGER VESSELS...MEANS GREATER RESISTANCE....MEANS?
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HIGHER BLOOD PRESSURE
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MAJOR SOURCE OF VISCOCITY
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RED BLOOD CELLS
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TENDENCY FOR A FLUID TO RESIST FLOW
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VISCOSITY
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SMALLER DIAMETER OF VESSEL MEANS
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GEATER FRICTION
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PROCESSES THAT MOVE MATERIALS ACROSS A TYPICAL CAPILLARY WALL
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CAPILLARY EXCHANGE
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NET MOVEMENT OF IONS OR MOLECULES FROM AN AREA OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO AREA OF LOWER CONCENTRATION
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DISFFUSION
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ROUTES OF DIFFUSION IN CAPILLARY WALLS
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between adjacent endothelial cells, channels, pores of fenestrated capillaries, through endothelial membrane, and pores of sinusoids
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diffusion of water due to differing solute concentrations
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osmosis
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what is osmotic pressure indicative of
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the force of osmotic water movement
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FORCE THAT DRAWS WATER INTO A SOLUTION
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OSMOTIC PRESSURE
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TERM FOR OSMOTIC PRESSURE OF THE BLOOD IN WHICH ONLY SUSPENDED PROTEINS ARE UNABLE TO CROSS CAPILLARY WALLS
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BLOOD COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE OR ONCOTIC PRESSURE
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