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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Science
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Method or approach for identifying relationships between variables.
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2 Methods
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Functional and Correlational
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Functional:
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Shows relationships between behavior (DV) and it's controlling variables (IV).
Manipulate and change Dependent and Independent Variables |
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Correlational:
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Predict
Two Dependent Variables |
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_______ concept and _______ concept are not used as dependent variables because they don't lend them self to precise empirical analysis.
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"Hypothetical" concept and "relative:" concept are not used as dependent variables because they don't lend them self to precise empirical analysis.
i.e. Personality |
Behavior is precise.
Constructs are less precise. |
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What strengthens behavior?
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Consquences
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Consequences refer to contingency made up of 2 variables
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1. Stimulus
2. Relationships |
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Stimulus
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Reinforcer
Aversive Stimulus (symbol?) |
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Relationship
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Positive : Present (+)
Negative: Remove (-) |
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Reinforcer is _______
Reinforcement is ______ |
Reinforcer is a "stimulus"
Reinforcement is a "process" |
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Define Reinforcement
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Reinforcement:
Procedure in which a stimulus is either present or removed contingent upon a response and there is an increase on the strength of that response. (Write out equation) |
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Positive Reinforcement
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Positive Reinforcement:
Procedure in which a stimulus is presented contingent upon a response and there is an increase in the strength of that response. (Write out equation) |
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Negative Reinforcement
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Negative Reinforcement:
Procedure in which a stimulus is removed contingent on a response and there is an increase in the strength of that response. (Write out equation) |
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Punishment
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Punishment:
Procedure in which a stimulus is either presented or removed contingent upon a response and there is a decrease in the strength of that response. (Write out equation) |
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Positive Punishment
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Positive Punishment:
Procedure in which a stimulus is presented contingent upon a response and there is a decrease in the strength of that response. (Write out equation) |
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Negative Punishment
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Negative Punishment:
Procedure in which a stimulus is removed contingent upon a response and there is a decrease in the strength of that response. (Write out equation) |
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If behavior has not changed:
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There is no reinforcement or punishment.
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How do you know if a stimuli is a reinforcer or an aversive stimulus?
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Stimuli is defined by function, if the behavior has not changed it is not a reinforcer or an aversive.
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Define Reinforcer
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Reinforcer:
A stimulus that when presented contingent upon a response increases the strength of that response. - AND- when removed contingent upon a response decreases the strength of that response. |
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Define Aversive Stimulus
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Aversive Stimulus:
A stimulus that when presented contingent upon a response decreased the strength of that response. -AND- when removed contingent upon a response increases the strength of that response. |
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Define Extinction
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Extinction:
A procedure in which previously reinforced response is no longer reinforced and there is a decrease in the strength of that response. (Write out equation) |
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Antecedent Event
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"Set the occasion for response to occur and be followed by a consequence"
Can affect the likelihood that response will occur. |
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Discriminative Stimulus (S^d)
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Discriminative Stimulus (S^d):
antecedent stimulus sets the occasion for a response to occur followed by reinforcement. |
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Extinction Stimulus (S delta)
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Extinction Stimulus (S delta):
antecedent stimulus that sets the occasion for a response to occur followed by extinction. |
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Condition Aversive Stimulus (S cas)
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Condition Aversive Stimulus (S cas):
antecedent stimulus that sets the occasion for a response to occur followed by punishment. |
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Accurate Equation
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You change the strength of a response in the presence of antecedent stimulus.
(Write equation) "three term contingency" |
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Extinction Burst
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Immediate increase
(Graph) |
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Schedule induced behavior
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Schedule induced behavior:
Species specific behavior that is emitted even though it may have never been reinforced. i.e. Agression, Wide shift in affect, and SIB |
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What does " the study of behavior for behavior's sake mean?"
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Study behavior in order to control behavior
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Example of hypothetical construct:
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Self esteem, measure in a survey by how many lolipops.
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According to the professor we cannot control behavior we control:
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Little units of behavior
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