Quiz 1

Front 1

Communication

Back 1

The exchange of information between people through speaking,writing, or suing a common system of signs or behavior.

Front 2

Speech

Back 2

The neuromuscular process by which humans create a meaningful sound signal that is transmitted through the air (or another medium such as a telephone line) to a receiverLanguage

Front 3

Language

Back 3

A system of arbitrary symbols, which is rule based, dynamic, generative, and used as a social tool in communication.

Front 4

Cognition

Back 4

The mental processes that consist of knowledge, along with the mechanisms to acquire knowledge. Cognitive skills consist of attention, working memory, reasoning, intuition, judgement, and perception.

Front 5

Encodes

Back 5

Encoding involves converting incoming information into meaning, such as spoken speech sounds into words. A sender transmits information (encodes) that a receiver comprehends or understands (decodes)

Front 6

Decodes

Back 6

1. The ability to read something that has been written. 2. An individual is able to comprehend or understand information from another source.

Front 7

Communicative Competence

Back 7

A person's knowledge of grammar, syntax, morphology, and phonology, along with an understanding of how and when to use this knowledge appropriately.

Front 8

Proximity

Back 8

Closeness in time and/or space.

Front 9

Paralinguistic

Back 9

The nonverbal elements of communication that modify meanings and convey emotion, including the pitch, volume, and intonation of speech.

Front 10

Paralinguistic

Back 10

The nonverbal elements of communication that modify meanings and convey emotion, including the pitch, volume, and intonation of speech.

Front 11

Prosody

Back 11

The Supra segmental aspects of speech, including intonation, stress pattern, loudness, pausing, and rhythm

Front 12

Phonemes

Back 12

The smallest units of the sounds of a language that act to differentiate the meaning of words (e.g., /b/ in bat vs. /k/ in cat)

Front 13

Orthography

Back 13

Written system of language, such as letters that compose written words.

Front 14

Graphemes

Back 14

Written symbols,letters, or combinations of letters that represent a single sound. For example, the phoneme /f/ can be represented as f in the word fast, as ph- in phone, and as -gh in laugh

Front 15

Generative grammar

Back 15

A finite set of rules that can be applied to generate sentences that are grammatical in a given language. These rules are derived from a speaker's tacit grammatical knowledge of the system of language.

Front 16

Form

Back 16

The structure of language (syntax) as opposed to meaning(content) or social use (pragmatics).

Front 17

Content

Back 17

The meaning of an expression.

Front 18

Use

Back 18

A linguistic term that defines the pragmatics of language, or rules for using language in interaction.

Front 19

Syntax

Back 19

1. Rules that govern the way words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences.

2. The order or arrangement of words in a sentence.

Front 20

Morphology

Back 20

The study of the system of rules for combining the smallest units of language into words.

Front 21

Phonology

Back 21

Rules for the combination of sounds to form words in a language.

Front 22

Morphmese

Back 22

The minimal, meaningful, and distinctive components of grammar. Morphemes are commonly classified into free (morphemes that can occurs as separate words) or bound forms (morphemes that cannot occur by themselves, such as affixes).

Front 23

Overgeneralize

Back 23

A process whereby children extend their use of grammatical features beyond the context of those in adult language, for example, use of -ed, walk + ed to signify past tense of all verbs (eat+ed as opposed to ate). The term over generalization refers to this typical developmental process.

Front 24

Morphophonology

Back 24

The study of the interaction between a language's morphemes and its phonological processes, focusing on the sound changes that occur when morphemes ( minimal meaningful units ) combine to form words.

Front 25

Phonological processes

Back 25

Children's simplification of words. These processes are predictable and consistent with typical development (e.g., "nana" produced in place of the word banana.)

Front 26

Semantic features

Back 26

The perceptual or functional aspects of meaning that characterize a word.

Front 27

Selection restrictions

Back 27

Constraints on particular word meanings that govern potential word combinations.

Front 28

Semantic relations

Back 28

The relationship between the concepts or meanings (e.g., agent + action = Dogs bark )

Front 29

Pragmatics

Back 29

1. The branch of linguistics that studies language use rather than language structure. 2. The connection between language development and the environment or the context in which the communication occurs.

Front 30

Speech acts

Back 30

A method of categorizing a speaker's intent or meaning (e.g., request, comment, or promise). These spoken utterances are called acts because many types are intended to result in action (e.g., Can you pass the salt?).

Front 31

Modal auxiliaries

Back 31

A verb that combines with another verb to express mood or tense (e.g., can, could, would, and should).

Front 32

overextension

Back 32

the process in which a child applies a words meaning to more exemplars than an adult would. A type of error in a child's early word usage that reflects overly inclusive definitions beyond acceptable adult usage. For example, a child may perceive similarities in the characteristics of entities and call them all the same name example all four legged animals would be called doggy

Front 33

under extension

Back 33

the use of a general word to mean one very specific thing example Baba may mean MY bottle and my bottle only

Front 34

Intentional

Back 34

the use of communication to indicate specific wants, desires, or needs

Front 35

Instrumental

Back 35

playing a part in achieving a result or accomplishing a purpose

Front 36

regulatory

Back 36

typically to convey or to establish social dynamics between individuals. In child language, the attempt to regulate the behavior of another

Front 37

interaction

Back 37

communication or joint activity involving two or more people

Front 38

personal function

Back 38

when a child attempts to communicate to express his / her feelings or attitudes

Front 39

speech Act

Back 39

a method of categorizing a speaker's intent or meaning( example request, comment, or promise) . These spoken utterances are called acts because many types are intended to result in action (example can you pass the salt?)

Front 40

intention

Back 40

speaker. A listener must understand the speaker's intent or intention to understand the meaning of an utterance