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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fluoroquinolones
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- function by inhibiting DNA gyrase (topo II) and/or topoisomerase IV
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fluoroquinolones
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- bacteriocidal
- excellent against gram (-) - poor against anaerobes |
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nalidixic acid
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- 1st generation fluoroquinolone
- tx uncomplicated UTI - gram + are resistant |
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ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin
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- 2nd generation fluoroquinolones
- expanded gram (-) activity - atypical - mycoplasma, chlamydia |
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gram -
some gram + mycoplasma chlamydia |
- spectrum of 2nd generation fluoroquinolones
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cipro
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- 2nd generation fluoroquinolone
- used to tx anthrax, UTI, kidney infection - DOESNT tx strep - precipitates 100% topically |
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levofloxacin, sparfloxacin
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- 3rd generation fluoroquinolones
- expanded gram - - improved against atypical & gram (+) cocci |
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gatifloxacin (zymar), moxifloxacin (vigamox), trovafloxacin
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- 4th generation fluoroquinolones
- gram + cocci AND bacilli - anaerobes - block bacterial efflux pump |
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vigamox (moxifloxacin)
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- 4th generation fluoroquinolone that is preservative-free
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zymar (gatifloxacin)
vigamox (moxifloxacin) |
- FDA approved for bacterial conjunctivitis, not corneal ulcer BUT premiere drugs for CU
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3rd & 4th generation fluoroquinolones
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- strongly inhibit topo IV
- weakly inhibit DNA gyrase - dual action = decreased resistance |
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nausea, HA, dizziness
crystalluria phototoxicity diarrhea |
- SEs of fluoroquinolones
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pregnancy/nursing
< 18yo (interferes w/DNA mechanisms) |
- CIs of fluoroquinolones
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E. coli
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- most common UTI-causing pathogen
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methenamine
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- tx chronic lower UTI
- concentrates in urinary system only |
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renal insufficiency
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- CI of methenamine
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nitrofurantoin
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- narrow spectrum - E. coli
- bacteriostatic - tx UTI |
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GI distress
acute pneumonitis hemolytic anemia nystagmus |
- SE of nitrofurantoin
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levofloxacin ophthalmic sol'n
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- 3rd generation fluoroquinolone
- IQUIX - tx bacterial keratitis |
