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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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nitrate with highest PO bioavailability?
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isosorbide mononitrate. low first pass metab
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tx strep pyo
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pcn
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organs affected by RF
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joints (migratory polyarthritis), heart (all layers), brain (chorea)
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antibiotic tx of strep A pharyngitis prevents
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RF BUT NOT GN
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serous viral pericarditis =>
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tamponade
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Beck's triad
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tamponade. 1) hypotension 2) distended neck veins 3) distant heart sounds
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mc cause fatigue + new onset murmur in young pt
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BE. possible: IC => GN
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when does acute rejection occur
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1-4 wks. cell mediated
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hyperacute rejection caused by
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preformed antibodies
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chronic rejection. which cells and when
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months/years. T + B + Ab
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mc cause of HCM
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mutation in cardiac sarcomere genes. mc: beta myosin heavy chain
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dilated cardiomyoapthy cased by what vit def
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wet beri beri thiamine b1
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HCM histo
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disorganized hypertrophic myocytes w/ fibrosis
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nl diamater LV
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1cm
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sudden cardiac death ddx
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young: HCM. WPW
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t test compares
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two means
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ANOVA comapres
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more than two means
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squatting does what
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inc preload, inc afterload
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why would squatting cause MVP to disappear
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inc preload => inc EDV => overlapping leaflets spread, close properly
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mitral valve prolapse with click is due to
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myxamatous degeneration
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two causes of ANP, BNP secretion
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1) volume overload. 2) remodeling/hypertrophy
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ANP works at 3 locations… and how!
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1) kidney 2) adrenal cortex 3) blood vessels. activate GC => gMP
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tx PSVT with carotid massage. how does it work
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inc baroR signaling => inc parasympathetic, dec symph => prolong AV node refractory period
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NO mech
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GC => cGMP => dec intracellular ca => dec myosin light chain kinase activity => myosin deP
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effect of beta blocker on EKG
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prolong PR (slow conduction through AV)
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Dry beri beri
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th1amine. symmetrical peripheral neuropathy.
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Wet beri beri
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th1amine. symmetrical peripheral neuropathy (dry) + cardiomyopathy (high output HF)
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Vit A def
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night blindness, xeropthalmia, infections (esp measels)
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B2 def
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riboflavin. cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis, dermaitis, corneal vascularization
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b6 def
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pyridoxine. cheilosis, glossitis, dermatitis, peripheral neuropathy. cofactor for tryptophan => niacin, so can also get tryptophan def
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niacin def
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pellagra (dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea)
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most of heart's anterior surface
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RV
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turner syndrome genetic cause
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45 XO
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turner syndrome primary findings
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streak ovaries, common cause of 1° amenorrhea.
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turner syndrome: extra gonadal findings
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1) appearance: short, shield chest, webbed neck. 2) lymphedema. 3) CV malformations: *coarctation*, bicuspid, aortic dissection
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vaginal adenosis
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diethylstilbestrol
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phosphodiesterase mech in vasodilation/inc contractility
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cAMP
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mitochondrial vacuolization
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irreversible ischemia
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dispersion of ribosomes, autophagy by lysosomes, swelling of mt, clumping of nuclear chromatin = signs of …
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reversible change!
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cell death mech in hepatitis
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mostly apoptosis
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PiZZ (homozygous) A1AT dz. what's the problem with the protein
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misfolded. stuck in ER, can't be secreted.
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which cells have the highest telomerase activity
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germ cells. NL somatic cells have no telomerase activity.
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GERD. histological change?
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stratified squamous epithelium => columnar cell metaplasia (intestinal type)
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onset of menopause. endometrium undergoes…
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apoptosis
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metastatic calcification
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prolonged hypercalcemia => calcium deposition in normal tissue
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dystrophic calcification
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calcium deposition in injured tissues, with normal serum calcium levels
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lipofuscin results from…
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autophagocytosis
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