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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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all steroid hormones are derived from...
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cholesterol
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where does synthesis of the steroid hormones occur
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adrenal gland, testes, ovaries
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what enzyme is responsible for the first step of steroid hormone synthesis where the side chain is removed
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P450
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what protein is required to transport free cholesterol to the mitorchondria for the start of steroid hormone synthesis
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steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR)
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the production of aldosterone is stimulated by...
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Ang II
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cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme will produce ___ from cholesterol
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pregnenolone
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what four enzymes are involved in the production of mineralocorticoids (aldonsterone)
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3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 21-hydroxylase, 11beta-hydroxylase, a8-hydroxylase and 18-hydroxydehydrogenase
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what region of the adrenal gland makes aldosterone
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zona glomerulosa
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what region of the adrenal gland makes cortisol
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zona fasciculata
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the cells in the zona fasciculata that produce glucocorticoids (cortisol) express what enzyme
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17 alpha hydroxylase
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what will stimulate the synthesis of cortisol
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ACTH
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what part of the adrenal gland is responsible for androgen synthesis
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zona reticularis
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where is testosterone synthesized
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Leydig cells of testis
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what is the rate limiting step in the synthesis of testeosterone
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delivery of cholesterol to mitochondria by STAR
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what stimulates the production of testosterone
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LH
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what enzyme in the testis is responsible for the conversion of DHEA to androstenediol and androstenedione to testosterone
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17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
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what enzyme converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
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5-alpha reductase
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which is more potent, testosterone or dihyrotestosterone
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dihydrotestosterone (produced mostly in peripheral tissues
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estrogens are synthesized from androstenedione or testosterone by the ___ complex
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aromatase
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what is the major estrogen of ovarian origin
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17 beta estradiol
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In the synthesis of estrogen, where does androstenedione come from
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theca cells
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what cells produce estrone and estradiol from the androgens produced by the theca cells
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granulosa cells
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cells from where produce progesterone
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corpus luteum
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what molecule transports most of cortisol
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corticosteroid-binding alpha2-globulin
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what does aldosterone bind to
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corticosteroid-binding alpha2-globulin
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what does most androgens and estrogens bind to
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sex hormone-binding globulin
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androgen binding protein is produced in ___ to maintain high concentration of total androgen within testes
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androgen-binding protein
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where is the main site steroid metabolism
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liver (glucuronides and sulfates)
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