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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Quantum?
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the amount of energy needed for an electron to move fromits energy level to the next higher level
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What is a Spectrum?
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the distribution of energy emitted by a radiant source, as by an incandescent body, arranged in order of wavelengths.
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What are Photons?
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are particles of light that make up a stream of light.
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What is a Wavelength?
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the distance between identical points on successive waves.
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What is Amplitude?
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the vertical distance from the midline of a wave to the peak of the rough.
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What are Orbitals?
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the wave function of an electron in an atom.
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What is Electron Configuration?
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the distribution of electrons among the various orbitals in an atom or molecule.
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What is the excited state of an atom?
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a state that has higher energy than the ground state of an atom. Has an extra electron.
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What is the ground state of an atom?
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the lowest energy state of an atom.
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What assumptions (postulates) did Bohr make to explain electrons in atoms?
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Bohr assumed that an electron moved not in a circular orbit around an atom, but actually a spherical one. Electrons could be found in different orbits and because each orbit has a particular energy associated with it, the electrons values must be quantized.
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What was De Broigle's contribution to physics?
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DeBroigle contributed to physics by coming up with the idea that electrons, similar to photons have a dual nature.
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What was Heisenberg's contribution to physics?
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Heisenberg came up with the uncertainty principle, where he deduced that one can never determine both the location and velocity of an electron at a given time.
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How is Schrodinger’s model similar to Bohr’s model and how is it different (and more advanced) from Bohr’ model?
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Schrodinger’s model is similar to Bohr’s model as it was a precursor to quantum mechanics just like Bohr’s. Bohr’s postulates and rules for quantum mechanics turned out to only work for the element of hydrogen and didn’t describe any other elements. Schrodinger’s equation incorporates both particle behavior, in terms of mass and wave behaviour, in terms of a wave function.
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What is the difference between an orbit and an orbital?
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Orbits are a circular motion around an object while an orbital is more of a three dimensional orbit around and object, like a sphere.
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What does Principal quantum number determine? What is its symbol?
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Principal quantum number, n, determines the main energy level.
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What does Angular momentum quantum number determine? What is its symbol?
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Angular momentum quantum number, I, is responsible for sublevels and their orbital shapes.
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What does Magnetic quantum number determine? What is its symbol?
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Magnetic quantum number, m, determines orbitals' orientation in space.
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What does the Spin quantum number determine? What is its symbol?
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The Electron Spin Quantum Number (ms) is the direction in which an electron moves in its orbital.
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Explain how the position of an element in the periodic table help to write its electron configuration. What are the major blocks in the table?
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The position of an element in the periodic table helps to write its electron configuration as the position of an element helps outline what an elements 4 quantum numbers are. With the knowledge of the 4 quantum numbers it is easy to figure out an elements electron configuration, or how the electrons are distributed among the various atomic orbitals. The major blocks in the table are the noble gases and the periods.
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What are the three major rules for filling out electron configurations? Name and state each.
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Rule 1: The Pauli Exclusion Principle
In 1925, Wolfgang Pauli state: No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers. This means no atomic orbital can contain more than TWO electrons and the electrons must be of opposite spin if they are to form a pair within an orbital. Rule 2: Hund’s Rule Only one electron is placed into each orbital on the same sublevel, until all orbitals are occupied by one electron each, with the same spins; only then the second electron may occupy given orbitals. Rule 3: Aufbau Principle Electrons occupy the lowest possible energy level if there are vacancies. |
