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169 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Redox reactions involves ______________.
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transfer of electrons
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Oxidation is the _____ of electrons.
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loss
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Reduction is the _____ of electrons.
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gain
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What is the formula for electric charge? what is the unit?
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q= n x F
n=# of e- F= Faraday constant 9.649E4 C/mole of e- the unit is C or coulombs |
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Electric current is the _______ of ________ flowing each second through any cross section of a circuit. What is its unit?
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amount, charge
unit=A or amperes |
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Electric current is the amount of charge flowing each ______ through any _________ of a circuit. unit?
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second, cross-section
A or amperes |
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__________ is the difference in electric potential between two points. units?
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Voltage
Volts or V |
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Voltage is the difference in electric __________ between two points. units?
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potential
V |
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Voltage is the difference in electric potential between two _______. units?
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points
V |
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_____________ ____________ is the amount of charge flowing each second through any cross-section of a circuit.
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Electric current
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Formula for free energy change.
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dltaG = -nFE
E = volts |
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Ohm's Law?
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E = IR
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Power is work per ___________. units?
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unit time
Watts |
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_________ is work per unit time. units?
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Power
Watts |
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Formula for Power.
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P = work/time = E x q / t = EI
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Batteries use a spontaneous chemical reaction to generate electricity. This is called a __________ ________.
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voltaic cell
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_____________ use a spontaneous chemical reaction to generate electricity. This is called a voltaic cell.
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Batteries
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Batteries use a _____________ chemical reaction to generate electricity. This is called a voltaic cell.
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spontaneous
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Batteries use a spontaneous chemical reaction to generate _____________. This is called a voltaic cell.
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electricity
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The cathode is where __________ occurs.
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reduction
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The _________ is where reduction occurs.
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Cathode
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The anode is where __________ occurs.
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oxidation
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The _________ is where oxidation occurs.
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Anode
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If E' is positive the reaction is?
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spontaneous
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If E' is _____ the reaction is spontaneous.
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positive
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If dltaG is negative the reaction is _____________.
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spontaneous
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If dltaG is _________ the reaction is spontaneous.
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negative
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What is the voltage of a cell when the chemical reaction reaches equilibrium?
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zero
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E(cell)= E(?) - E(?)
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cathode, anode
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E(?) = E(?) - E(?)
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cell, cathode, anode
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Potentiometry is the use of electrodes to measure voltages that provide ____________ ____________.
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chemical information
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______________ is the use of electrodes to measure voltages that provide chemical information.
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potentiometry
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Potentiometry is the use of _________ to measure voltages that provide chemical information.
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electrodes
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Potentiometry is the use of electrodes to measure ________ that provide chemical information.
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voltages
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What is an electroactive species?
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a reagent that can donate or accept electrons at an electrode
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What is a reagent that can donate or accept electrons at an electrode.
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electractive species
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In measuring cell potential an _________ electrode responds to analyte concentrations.
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indicator electrode
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In measuring a cell potential an indicator electrode responds to _________ __________.
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analyte concentrations
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In measuring cell potential a _________ _______ maintains a fixed potential at one end of the circuit.
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reference electrode
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In measuring cell potential a reference electrode maintains a _________ _________ at one end of the circuit.
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fixed potential
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What are the two kinds of reference electrodes discussed?
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Ag/AgCl electrode
Calomel which uses Hg and KCl |
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The E(cell) vs _______ = E+ - 0.197V
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Ag/AgCl
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The E(cell) vs Ag/AgCl = E+ - _______V.
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0.197
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How would you convert the E(cell) vs Ag/AgCl to the Voltage vs. SHE
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E(cell) + .197V
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The E(cell) vs calomel = E+ - _____V.
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0.241
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The E(cell) vs ________ = E+ - 0.241V.
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calomel
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How would you convert the E(cell) vs calomel to the Voltage vs. SHE
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E(measured) + 0.241 = E(cell) vs SHE
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Metal electrodes develop an electric potential that is dependent on the analyte _____________.
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concentration
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Metal electrodes develop an electric _________ that is dependent on the analyte concentration.
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potential
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Metal __________ develop an electric potential that is dependent on the analyte concentration.
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electrodes
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Metal electrodes develop an electric potential that is ___________ on the analyte concentration.
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dependent
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What is the x-intercept on a Gran Plot?
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the V(eq)
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What is the Y axis on a gran plot?
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V x 10 ^(-nE/0.05916)
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What is a redox indicator?
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it is a compound that changes color when it goes from its oxidized to reduced state
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A redox indicator is a compound that changes color when it goes for its _________ to __________ state.
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oxidized, reduced
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The potential range over which the indicator color will change can be predicted using the _____________.
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Nernst equation
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The ________ ________ over which the indicator color will change can be predicted using the Nernst equation.
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potential range
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The potential range over which the ___________ ________ will change can be predicted using the Nernst equation.
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indicator color
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Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction of light with matter specifically, ___________ energy and matter.
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radiated
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____________ is the study of the interaction of light with matter specifically, radiated energy and matter.
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Spectroscopy
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Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction of ___________ with ____________ specifically, radiated energy and matter.
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light, matter
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Spectrophotometry is any technique that uses light to measure ___________ ____________.
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chemical concentration
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_______________ is any technique that uses light to measure chemical concentration.
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Spectrophotometry
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Spectrophotometry is any technique that uses _________ to measure chemical concentration.
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light
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x
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x
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Light consists of ____________, oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
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pependicular
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__________ consists of perpendicular, oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
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light
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Light consists of perpendicular, ___________ electric and magnetic fields.
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oscillating
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Light consists of perpendicular, oscillating ___________ and _____________ fields.
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Light consists of perpendicular, oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
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Wavelength (λ) is the crest to crest distance between ________.
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waves
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Wavelength (λ) is the ______________ distance between waves.
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crest to crest
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________________ (λ) is the crest to crest distance between waves.
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wavelength
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Wavelength (_) is the crest to crest distance between waves.
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lambda λ
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Frequency (ν) is the number of oscillations the wave makes each second. Its unit is _________.
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Hertz Hz
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Frequency (ν) is the __________________ the wave makes each second. Its unit is Hertz (Hz).
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the number oscillations
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Frequency (_) is the number of oscillations the wave makes each second. Its unit is Hertz (Hz).
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v
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______________ (ν) is the number of oscillations the wave makes each second. Its unit is Hertz (Hz).
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Frequency
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Frequency (ν) is the number of oscillations the _______ makes each second. Its unit is Hertz (Hz).
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wave
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Frequency (ν) is the number of oscillations the wave makes each ____________. Its unit is Hertz (Hz).
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second
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The symbol for wavelength is?
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λ
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The symbol for frequency is?
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v
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In a vacuum __ x ___ = c = speed of light = ___________.
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λ,v 2.998E8m/s
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In a vacuum λ x v = __ = ______.
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c speed of light
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In a medium other than a vacuum the speed of light = v (frequency) = c/n (n is the ___________ __________)
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refractive index
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In a medium other than a __________ the speed of light = v (frequency) = c/n (n is the refractive index)
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vacuum
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In a medium other than a vacuum the speed of light = _____________ = c/n (n is the refractive index)
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v (frequency)
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In a medium other than a vacuum the speed of light = v (frequency) = __/n (n is the refractive index)
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c
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In a medium other than a vacuum the speed of light = v (frequency) = c/__ (__ is the refractive index)
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n
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When a ___________ ________ travels from one medium to another its frequency remains unchanged but its wavelength changes.
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light wave
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When a light wave travels from one __________ to another its frequency remains unchanged but its wavelength changes.
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medium
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When a light wave travels from one medium to another its ____________ remains unchanged but its wavelength changes.
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frequency (v)
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When a light wave travels from one medium to another its frequency remains unchanged but its ___________ changes.
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wavelength λ
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When a light wave travels from one medium to another its ___________ remains unchanged but its _____________ changes.
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frequency (v) , wavelength (λ)
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When the speed of light decreases the __________ remains the same, but the _____________ decreases.
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frequency(v), wavelength(λ)
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Light can also be thought of as particles called _________.
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photons
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The energy of a photon is E=hv. What is h?
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Planck's constant 6.626E-34 J x sec
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The energy of a photon is ___ = ____ x_____
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E=hv
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____________ is the energy carried by a light beam per second per unit area. Its unit is J/ s x m^2 or W/ m^2.
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Irradiance
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Irradiance is the ________ carried by a light beam per second per unit area. Its unit is J/ s x m^2 or W/ m^2.
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energy
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Irradiance is the energy carried by a ________ ________ per second per unit area. Its unit is J/ s x m^2 or W/ m^2.
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light beam
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Irradiance is the energy carried by a light beam per _______ per unit area. Its unit is J/ s x m^2 or W/ m^2.
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second
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Irradiance is the energy carried by a light beam per second per ________ _______. Its unit is J/ s x m^2 or W/ m^2.
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unit area
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Irradiance is the energy carried by a light beam per second per unit area. Its unit is ___________ or W/ m^2.
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Irradiance is the energy carried by a light beam per second per unit area. Its unit is J/ s x m^2 or W/ m^2.
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Irradiance is the energy carried by a light beam per second per unit area. Its unit is J/ s x m^2 or ___________.
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Irradiance is the energy carried by a light beam per second per unit area. Its unit is J/ s x m^2 or W/ m^2.
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What is the range of the visible spectrum?
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400-700nm
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________ light has the longest wavelength. _________ light has the shortest wavelength.
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Red, blue
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The shorter the wavelength the ________ the energy.
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higher
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The _________ the wavelength the higher the energy.
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shorter
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__________________________
When a molecule absorbs a photon, its energy increases from the ground state to the excited state. |
ABSORPTION OF LIGHT
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ABSORPTION OF LIGHT
When a molecule absorbs a ________, its energy increases from the ground state to the excited state. |
photon
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ABSORPTION OF LIGHT
When a molecule absorbs a photon, its energy __________ from the ground state to the excited state. |
increases
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ABSORPTION OF LIGHT
When a molecule absorbs a photon, its energy increases from the __________ state to the __________ state. |
ground, excited
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The molecules returning to the ground state do this by emitting __________, a __________ transition. They can also do this by emitting a ________.
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heat, radiationless, photon
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singlet
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vibrational levels
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The monochromator allows light of a __________ wavelength to pass through and makes it monochromatic.
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single
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Transmittance = ?
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P/Po
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In T=P/Po, what is P? what is Po?
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Po is the blank light, P is the sample light
these are detected by the light detector |
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Absorbance = log (?/?) = -log T = - log(?/?)
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Po/P , P/Po
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Absorbance = log (Po/P) = - log ?
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? = T
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What is Beer's law?
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A = EbC
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In Beers law A = E b C , what do the letters stand for?
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A = absorbance
E = molar extinction coefficient b = path length C = concentration in Molarity |
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What are the units of molar absorptivity or molar extinction coefficient?
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M^-1, cm^-1
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A chromophore is the part of the molecule that _______ ________.
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absorbs light
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Molar absorptivity is a function of?
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the wavelength of light
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__________ __________ is a function of the wavelength of light.
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molar absorptivity
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What are the four stipulations of Beer's law?
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what is the slope on an absorbance calibration curve?
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slope = molar absorptivity x b (path length)
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