Qm

Front 1

__________ is the technique concerned with predicting some variables by knowing others. Uses a variable (x) to predict some outcome variable (y).

Back 1

Regression

Front 2

__________ Describes the strength of a linear relationship between two variables.

Back 2

Correlation

Front 3

Linear means "_________".

Back 3

straight line

Front 4

_____________ Tells us how to draw the straight line described by the correlation. minimizes residuals. Calculates the "best-fit" line for a certain set of data.

Back 4

Regression

Front 5

A procedure that minimizes the vertical deviations of plotted points surrounding a straight line.

Back 5

Least Squares Method

Front 6

The ___________ makes the sum of the squares of the residuals smaller than for any other line

Back 6

Regression line

Front 7

__________ describes the regression line mathematically.

Back 7

Regression equation

Front 8

__________indicates the location where it intersects an axis.

Back 8

Intercept

Front 9

_____________indicates the steepness (the property possessed by a line or surface that departs from the horizontal) of a line.

Back 9

Slope

Front 10

A process of selecting units from a population. Selecting a sample to determine certain character of population.

Enables researcher to make estimates of some unknown characteristics of the population in question.

Back 10

Sampling

Front 11

Finite group is called population

Infinite group is called universe

Back 11

....

Front 12

is an investigation of all the individual elements of a population.

Back 12

A census

Front 13

Advantages: Less costs, more accuracy, less field time, get information about large populations, when it is impossible to study the whole population.

Back 13

True

Front 14

is a subset of a large population of objects Individual, household, businesses, organizations and forth.

Back 14

Sample

Front 15

________" utilizes some form of random selection.

Back 15

Probability Sampling

Front 16

___________ , probability that does not involve random selection.

Back 16

Non-probability

Front 17

Types of Non-Probability Sampling

___________ ease of access, readiness to be a part of the sample, availability at a given time slot. A quick mode to collect data.

Back 17

Convenience sampling

Front 18

Types of Non-Probability Sampling

____________ according to traits or qualities and generalized to the entire population.

by different age groups, socio-economic backgrounds and also gender.

Back 18

Quota Sampling

Front 19

Types of Non-Probability Sampling:

____________restricted number of people in population.

The members of the sample are not randomly chosen.

Back 19

Judgement sampling

Front 20

Types of Non-Probability Sampling

________________ existing subjects provide referrals to recruit samples required for a research study Sample have traits that are rare to find.

A popular business study method.

Back 20

Snowball sampling

Front 21

Types of Probability Sampling

________ where the elements are chosen from a target population by selecting a random starting point and selecting other members after a fixed ‘sampling interval’.

Back 21

Systematic Sampling

Front 22

Types of Probability Sampling

homogeneous group (same types). randomly choose final members from the various strata for research which reduces cost and improves efficiency.

Back 22

Stratified sampling

Front 23

Types of Probability Sampling

area or geographical cluster sampling. Divide on the basis of area.

Back 23

Cluster/area sampling

Front 24

Types of Probability Sampling

divide large populations into stages to make sampling process more practical.

combination of stratified or cluster sampling and simple sampling.

Back 24

Multi-stage sampling

Front 25

A ________ value estimate for a population parameter.

Back 25

single

Front 26

An ______________ is an interval, or range values, used to estimate a population parameter.

Back 26

Interval estimate

Front 27

Used to calculate an interval of possible values of an unknown population parameter, in contrast to ___________, which is a single number.

Back 27

point estimation

Front 28

The level of confidence c is the probability that the interval estimate contains the _______________.

Back 28

population parameter

Front 29

It refers to the percentage of all possible samples that can be expected to include the true population parameter.

Back 29

Level of Confidence

Front 30

___________it is the difference between the point estimate. and the actual population parameter value is called the ____________.

Back 30

Margin of Error

Sampling error

Front 31

Given a level of confidence, the margin of error E is the greatest possible distance between the point estimate and the value of the ___________ it is estimating.

Back 31

parameter

Front 32

A ___________ is an assumption about the population parameter.

Back 32

hypothesis

Front 33

A________ is a population mean or proportion. and must be identified before analysis.

Back 33

parameter

Front 34

A __________ is a process that uses sample statistics to test a claim about the value of a population parameter.

Back 34

hypothesis test

Front 35

A verbal statement, or claim, about a population parameter is called a __________.

Back 35

statistical hypothesis

Front 36

The general goal of a hypothesis test is to rule out chance (sampling error) as a plausible explanation for the results from a research study.

Back 36

True

Front 37

technique to help determine whether a specific treatment has an effect on the individuals in a population.

Back 37

Hypothesis testing

Front 38

is a statistical hypothesis that contains a statement of equality.

Back 38

null hypothesis H0

“H subzero” or “H naught”

Front 39

is the complement of the null hypothesis. It is a statement that must be true if H0 is false and contains a statement of inequality.

Back 39

A alternative hypothesis Ha

Front 40

To write the null and alternative hypotheses, translate the claim made about the population parameter from a verbal statement to a mathematical statement.

Back 40

true

Front 41

Type of Error

_______ occurs if the null hypothesis is rejected when it is true.

Back 41

Type I error

Front 42

Type of Error

occurs if the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is false.

Back 42

A type II error

Front 43

In a hypothesis test, the level of significance is your maximum allowable probability of making a type I error. it is denoted by

Back 43

a, the lowercase Greek letter alpha.

Front 44

The probability of making a type II error is denoted by

Back 44

b, the lowercase Greek letter beta.

Front 45

The _________ of a hypothesis test depends on the nature of the test. There are three types of hypothesis tests – a left-, right-, or two-tailed test.

Back 45

P-value

Front 46

If the alternative hypothesis contains the less-than inequality symbol (<), the hypothesis test is a _________

Back 46

left-tailed test

Front 47

If the alternative hypothesis contains the greater-than symbol (>), the hypothesis test is a ____________.

Back 47

right-tailed test

Front 48

If the alternative hypothesis contains the not-equal-to symbol, the hypothesis test is a

Back 48

two-tailed test. In a two-tailed test, each tail has an area of P.

Front 49

If P ≤ pm, then reject H0

If P > pm, then fail to reject H0

Back 49

......

Front 50

Left tailed

Back 50

more than or equal to(at least) and less than

Front 51

Right tailed

Back 51

less than or equal to(at most) and more than

Front 52

is calculated by dividing the entire population size by the desired sample size

Back 52

Sampling interval