Qdc1 Systems Design And Operations

Front 1

It is usually a good idea to keep capacity planning separate from product and service design so that the issues in each area don't become intertwined.

Back 1

False

Front 2

Effective capacity can be defined as design capacity minus personal and other allowances.

Back 2

True

Front 3

Design capacity is the maximum output rate or service rate an operation is designed for.

Back 3

True

Front 4

Increasing the capacity of a bottleneck operation by 10% will always increase the capacity of the system by 10%.

Back 4

False

Front 5

Increasing quality will cause an increase in productivity, and hence, an increase in capacity.

Back 5

True

Front 6

Increasing the capacity of operations that follow a bottleneck operation will improve productivity because it will help the operation to overcome the bottleneck effect.

Back 6

False

Front 7

If capacity increases require a long time, a following strategy may be the best option.

Back 7

False

Front 8

Efficiency can be defined as the ratio of actual output to effective capacity.

Back 8

True

Front 9

Utilization can be defined as the ratio of design capacity to actual output.

Back 9

False

Front 10

A capacity cushion is sometimes used to soften the blow of having to make capacity changes.

Back 10

False

Front 11

The term economies of scale is used to describe the phenomenon whereby increases in the output rate result in a decrease in unit costs.

Back 11

True

Front 12

Concepts such as cash flow and present value are important financial measures for analyzing capacity alternatives.

Back 12

True

Front 13

The breakeven point occurs at an output where total cost and total profit are equal.

Back 13

False
It occurs where total cost and total revenue are equal.

Front 14

Capacity decisions affect operations.

Back 14

True
They affect operating costs, space availability, ability to meet changes in demand, etc.

Front 15

Capacity planners must keep a narrow focus in order to stay on track.

Back 15

False
Ignoring the "big picture" can have serious consequences

Front 16

Which one of these is not a determinant of effective capacity, or are they all determinants? Facilities, Quality capabilities, Job Design, Supply chain, or All are factors

Back 16

All are factors

Front 17

Which one of these does not enhance developing capacity alternatives? Designing flexibility into the system, Taking a "big picture" approach, Staying focused on quantitative factors, or Staying focused on quantitative factors.

Back 17

Staying focused on quantitative factors. Qualitative factors are typically important as well.

Front 18

Which one of these is the primary input in capacity planning?
A) Overall cost estimates.
B) Supply chain capabilities.
C) Competitors' strengths.
D) Past successes or failures.
E) Demand forecasts

Back 18

Demand forecasts
Plans for future capacity relate directly to forecasts of future demand

Front 19

Which one of these is not always an important factor in planning service capacity?
A) The inability to store services.
B) The need to be near customers.
C) Demand forecasts.
D) Demand volatility.

Back 19

The need to be near customers.
Some services can be handled from a distance (e.g., tax preparation, prescription refills).

Front 20

Which one of these is not a reason for diseconomies of scale?
A) Fixed costs are spread over more units.
B) Distribution costs increase.
C) Complexity increases costs.
D) Inflexibility may be an issue.

Back 20

Fixed costs are spread over more units.
That is a reason for economies of scale.

Front 21

Standard yellow pencils are produced using a product layout.

Back 21

True

Front 22

Two benefits of cellular manufacturing are low cost and flexibility.

Back 22

True

Front 23

Process layouts are common in non-manufacturing environments.

Back 23

True
Departments are commonly found in service and retail environments.

Front 24

Departments are typical in product layouts.

Back 24

False
Departments are typical in process (intermittent) layouts

Front 25

Intermittent processing systems generally tend to have special purpose equipment.

Back 25

False
Continuous systems tend to have special-purpose equipment.

Front 26

For repetitive processing, machines of the same type are grouped into departments.

Back 26

False
For repetitive processing, machines are typically arranged in work stations along a production or assembly line.

Front 27

A service process matrix is a tool that can be useful for organizations contemplating strategic changes in service operations.

Back 27

True

Front 28

Service systems do not lend themselves to automation. That is why you do encounter automated services.

Back 28

False
Examples include ATM machines, electronic ticket sales, electronic fund transfer, electronic travel reservations, etc.

Front 29

The degree of customer contact and the degree of customization are two key factors in service layout design

Back 29

True

Front 30

Product layouts usually require less-skilled workers than process layouts.

Back 30

True
Product layouts benefit from division of labor, so workers have very narrow tasks.

Front 31

Process layouts tend to have lower equipment utilization than product layouts.

Back 31

true
Greater variety results lower utilization rates for some equipment

Front 32

The term balance delay refers to the percentage of idle time for a line.

Back 32

True

Front 33

The minimum cycle time of a line is equal to the time of the shortest task.

Back 33

False
It is equal to the time of the longest task.

Front 34

Cycle time is the time allowed at each work station to complete a set of tasks.

Back 34

True

Front 35

A DVD player would most likely be repaired in this type of layout:
A) fixed position
B) hybrid
C) product
D) process

Back 35

Process
A job shop.

Front 36

Which system has the least flexibility?
A) job shop
B) batch
C) assembly
D) continuous

Back 36

Continuous
There is little need for flexibility in a continuous system

Front 37

Which type of operation would be most closely associated with division of labor?
A) job shop
B) batch
C) assembly
D) continuous

Back 37

Assembly
Division of labor is the basis for an assembly line operation

Front 38

The type of layout that would be used to build a submarine is:
A) fixed-position
B) product
C) process
D) aquatic

Back 38

Fixed Position
Workers, materials, and equipment come to the location of the product.

Front 39

Which processing system would be the least likely choice for producing a pair of shoes?
A) assembly
B) batch
C) continuous
D) job shop

Back 39

Continuous
Continuous involves a flow (e.g., refining, water treatment). Shoes would typically be produced on an assembly line or in batches. However, a specialty shoe would be crafted in a job shop.

Front 40

Which two types of processing systems would most likely be used to produce iPods?
A) continuous or assembly
B) assembly or batch
C) batch or job shop

Back 40

continuous or assembly
Continuous (flow) and job shop (small volume, high variety) rule out choices A and C.

Front 41

A) market conditions
B) pricing strategies
C) process capabilities
D) schedule changes
E) order sizes

Back 41

process capabilities

Front 42

Which one does not relate to designing process layouts?
A) Minimizing transportation costs.
B) Minimizing distance traveled.
C) Focusing on closeness ratings.
D) Equalizing times of work stations.

Back 42

Equalizing times of work stations
Equalizing times relates to product layouts and line balancing

Front 43

In a Muther closeness grid, which symbol is used for a location if closeness isn't important?
A) A
B) E
C) I
D) O
E) U

Back 43

U
Unimportant

Front 44

In a Muther closeness grid, which symbol reflects the greatest important for closeness?
A) A
B) E
C) I
D) O
E) U

Back 44

A
Absolutely necessary.

Front 45

Which one of the following involves a group of machines that involve supervisory computer control and automatic material handling?
A) N/C machines
B) Computer-aided manufacturing
C) Cellular manufacturing
D) Group technology
E) Flexible manufacturing system

Back 45

Flexible manufacturing system

Front 46

Group technology is often related to which one of the following?
A) cellular manufacturing
B) product layout
C) combination layouts
D) none of these

Back 46

cellular manufacturing
Cellular manufacturing often involves processing of part families (grouping).

Front 47

The term specialization refers to work that have a narrow focus.

Back 47

True

Front 48

Job design is mainly concerned with worker efficiency.

Back 48

False
It also places emphasis on human factors.

Front 49

Ergonomics is closely related to time study.

Back 49

False
Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system. It is closely related to job design.

Front 50

Job enrichment involves giving workers responsibilities for planning and coordinating tasks.

Back 50

True

Front 51

Gilbreth was a pioneer in time study.

Back 51

False
He is known as "The father of motion study."

Front 52

Micromotion is used in a lab to break down the elements of a methods analysis into very fine details for further study.

Back 52

False
It involves the use of video to capture and study fine details of motions.

Front 53

Job rotation and job enrichment both involve horizontal loading.

Back 53

False
Horizontal loading means increasing a worker's share of a total task; it is job enrichment. Job rotation is simple having workers periodically changing jobs.

Front 54

Self-directed teams are allowed to make some changes in their work processes.

Back 54

True

Front 55

Methods analyses involve analyzing how a job is done.

Back 55

True

Front 56

One disadvantage of a profit-sharing plan is that it is based on a single objective.

Back 56

True
The single objective is annual profit. Other objectives that may be important such as quality, productivity, cost reduction, etc., aren't included.

Front 57

A flow process chart is often used in conjunction with a motion study.

Back 57

False
It is used as part of methods analysis to examine the overall sequence of worker movements or the flow of materials.

Front 58

A standard time pertains to specified set of working conditions, tools and materials, raw materials, and workplace arrangement.

Back 58

True

Front 59

In time study, the observed time (OT) is the average of recorded times.

Back 59

True

Front 60

In time study, a normal time (NT) can be more than the observed time (OT).

Back 60

True
NT = OT x Performance Rating. If the performance rating is greater than 1.00, the NT will be greater than the OT.

Front 61

Knowledge-based pay systems are used to reward workers who increase their skills through training.

Back 61

True

Front 62

OSHA is concerned with
A) worker compensation
B) worker safety
C) union issues
D) treating workers fairly

Back 62

Worker Safety
OSHA stands for Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Front 63

Job rotation and job enlargement are most likely to occur as a part of
A) process selection
B) methods analysis
C) job design
D) motion study

Back 63

job design

Front 64

The technique most known for its use of a stop watch is:
A) work sampling
B) time study
C) methods analysis
D) motion study

Back 64

time study

Front 65

The term "therblig" refers to
A) stopwatch reading
B) process delay
C) basic elemental motion
D) fraction (.06) of a minute

Back 65

basic elemental motion

Front 66

Therbligs are most closely related to:
A) time study
B) motion study
C) methods analysis
D) worker safety

Back 66

motion study
A therblig is a basic elemental motion

Front 67

An analyst who wanted to estimate the percentage of time a machine is idle would use probably use this method:
A) work sampling
B) time study
C) predetermined time standards
D) methods analysis

Back 67

work sampling

Front 68

An analyst who wanted to estimate the proportion of time a worker is involved in a certain activity would use probably use this method:
A) work sampling
B) time study
C) predetermined time standards
D) methods analysis

Back 68

work sampling

Front 69

A standard time is equal to the normal time adjusted for the:
A) performance rating
B) allowance factor
C) the learning effect
D) the cost of living index
E) time in rank

Back 69

allowance factor
St = NT x AF

Front 70

Which one is generally not true of work sampling?
A) There is little or no disruption of work.
B) Workers tend to be resentful because it is less accurate than time study.
C) It is not well suited for short tasks.
D) There is less detail about the job than with time study.

Back 70

Workers tend to be resentful because it is less accurate than time study.
Workers are often more resentful about time study.

Front 71

Which one is generally not true of time study?
A) A stopwatch is required.
B) Only one or a few observations are needed.
C) There is more detail about a job than with work sampling.
D) It is more costly than work sampling.

Back 71

Only one or a few observations are needed.
More than a few observations are generally needed to obtain an accurate time estimate.

Front 72

The location of many businesses is often a function of where the originator was located at the time the business was started.

Back 72

True

Front 73

Zoning and land costs can be key regional considerations in location analysis.

Back 73

False
these are site factors

Front 74

Regional factors can include location of markets or location of raw materials.

Back 74

True

Front 75

Factors used in location analysis for services and manufacturing are often quite similar.

Back 75

False
The factors are usually quite different.

Front 76

The benefits of having global locations generally outweigh the disadvantages:

Back 76

False
Each case is different and must be analyzed

Front 77

Companies may seek global locations to overcome miscommunication and cultural differences.

Back 77

False
These are two risks that can be associated with global locations.

Front 78

Factor rating includes both qualitative and quantitative inputs.

Back 78

True

Front 79

In the factor rating system, the most important factor is given a rating of 10, and less important factors are given lower ratings.

Back 79

False The sum of all weights is 1.00.

Front 80

The center of gravity method is used to minimize travel distances.

Back 80

True