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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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3rd ventricle tumor with single layer of mucin-producing columnar epithelium with a ciliated apical surface
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Colloid cyst
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neoplasm arising in the suprasellar region of children, from misplaced odontogenic epithelium-> contains abundant calcium deposits
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craniopharyngioma
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cyst that develops following ingestion of Tenia solium, with three cell layers, the most supperficial rebembles dome-shaped urothelial cells
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cysticercosis
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cyst with tiny hook like projection, accumulating in liver and lung, from dog feces
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Echinococus cyst
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tumor with cystic structure, consist of elongated astrocytes within an abundant fibrillary background and numerous Rosenthal fibers
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pilocystic astrocytoma
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OCD Tx
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TCA + SSRI
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Clomipramine
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TCA
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Buspirone
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non-benzo anxiolytic
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Chlopromazine
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antipsychotic drug
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imipramine
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TCA
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Phenelzine
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MAO
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Zolpidem
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non-benzo hypnotic
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Boerhaave's syndrome
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lower esophageal rupture, after extensive vomiting
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DiGeorge syndrome
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failure of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches to develop-> absence of the parathyroid glands and thymus
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Dressler's syndrome
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pericarditis following MI
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome
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inherited cause of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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Osler-Weber-Rendu disease
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hederitary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, present at births @ skin, oral, alimentary, resp, urinary, liver, brain, spleen
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non-infectious lung non-caseating graunloma
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sarcoidosis-> pulmonary fibrosis
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biopsy + fluorescent ab test
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direct fluorescent antibody test, used to detect foreign antigens dificult to visualize or culture
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erythrocytes + patient serum + anti-human immunoglobulin
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indirect Coombs test
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use of indirect Coombs test
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autoimmune hemolytic anemias, hemolytic disease of the newborn
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patient lymphocyte+ antiserum + complement
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microcytotoxicity for HLA calss I analysis
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patient lymphocyte+ irrediated allogenic lymphocytes
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mixed lymphocyte rxn, for HLA class II antigens
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Strep, alpha-hemolytic
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pneumococcus
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corticosteriods on bone cells
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inhibit proliferation and function of osteoblasts and stimulate osteoclast diferentiation and activity
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antibiotics in pseudomembranous colitis
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clindamycin, sephalosporins and amoxicillin
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vagus injury, to which side uvula deviates
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opposite
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most common causes of broncogenic carcinoma-> superior vena cava syndrome
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small-cell>epidermoid>adenocarcinoma> large cell carcinoma
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malignancy causing dyspnea, facial eruthema, and facial, truncal and arm edema, with prominence of thoracic and neck veins
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SVC syndrome
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HTLV-1 leukemia mechanism
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oncogene capture or provirus insertion
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HPV malignancy mechanism
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E6 and E7 inactivate tumor supressors p53 and p110
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retinoblastoma mech
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inactivation of 2 anti-oncogenes
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Kinefelter hormone levels
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dec testosterone (leydig dysfuntion)-> inc LH-> inc estrogen; dysgenesis of seminiferous tubes-> dec inhibin-> inc FSH
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when does implantation occurs
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2-3 days after fertilization
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loss of zona pelucida prerequisite for
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apposition of the blastocyst to the uterine epithelium
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where does fertilization occurs
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in the ampula of uterine tube
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transient global amnesia suggests
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TIA in the posterior cerebral teritorry; also migraine and epileptic attacks
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HCl secretion after meal in ZE syndrome
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does not increase, since stomach gastrin secretion has been suppressed by excessive gastric acid; it does not increase after a meal
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antrum G cells in ZE syndrome
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decresea, due to suppresion by excessive acid levels
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basilar artery stroke
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locked-in syndrome
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Internal Carotid Artery stroke
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compensated by collateral
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None
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SCA stroke
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ataxia and dysarthria
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IBD with primary sclerosing cholangitis
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UC
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very dilated biliary tree terminating in a blunt, nipple-like obstruction at the lower end of the common bile duct
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carcinoma of the pancreas
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moderately dilated intrahepatic bile ducts and stricture in the bile duct at the porta hepatis
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carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts
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presents in the lung as hemorrhagic infarctions, fungus balls in cavitary tuberculosis cavities, or as allergic bronchopulmonary ***
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Aspergillus fumigatus in lung
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Entamoeba histolytica lung abscess
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as extension of a liver aabscess across the diaphragm
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14 yo female with primary amenorrhea, shortened vagina with no discernible cervix or uterus, inc LH
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complete androgen resistance (XY)
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complete androgen resistance path
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absence of androgen receptors, the indifferent external genital slit-> vagina with clitoris and labia, but blind sac due to Mullerian regression factor, Wolffian tducts will also degenerate in the absence of androgen receptor;
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female with 17-a-hydroxylase deficiency
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born with normal internal and external; no puberty due to failure to produce estrogens
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Goodpasteur syndrome
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autoantibodies to basement membrane damages lung and kidneys (type IV collagen)
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collagen found in epiphyseal plates
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type X
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axon retrograde transport mechanism
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uses microtubules, mediated by dyenin and transports lysosomes and recycled membrane
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4 examples of retrograde transport path
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hespesvirus, poliovirus, rabies virus, tetanus toxin
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anterograde tranport
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uses microtubules, mediated by kinesin and moves vesicles and proteins to the axon terminal
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child with partial intestinal obstruction, mass surrounding the mid-duodenum
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annular pancreas
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gray baby syndrome- vomit, ashen-gray skin color
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chloramphenicol adverse rxn, infants are unable to break down-> CV collapse, gray skin
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chloramphenicol mech
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inhibits ribosomal peptidyl transferase
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antibiotic blocks initiation complex formation, used in vanco-resistant infections
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linezolid
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cause misreading at translation initiation, used for gram - rods
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aminoglycosides such as streptomycin and gentamicin
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interfere with translation translocation
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macrolides such as erythromycin, used for gram+ cocci, Chlamydia, mycoplasma, legionella, campylobacter
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prevents binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes
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tetracyclines, for Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, H pylori, Rickettsia, Brucella, Vibrio, acne
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MEN III
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AD, medullary carcinoma, pheo, oral and intestinal ganglioneuromatosis
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MEN with gastrinomas and insulinomas
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MENI
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MEN with parathyroid adenomas
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MEN I, II
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MEN with pituitary adenomas
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MEN I
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Steps in defecation reflex
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internal anal sphinter relaxes, external contracts, conscious urge to defecate
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innervation of defecation reflex: pelvic nerve:
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parasympathetic innervation of internal anal sphinter, and sensory afferent from rectum to spinal cord
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innervation of defecation reflex: pudendal:
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somatic efferent inputs to the external anal sphinter
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brachial plexus segment compressed by axillary aneurism
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cords
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branch of the posterior cord that leaves the axillary sheath, then exits the axilla through the quandrangular space to innervate the deltoid muscle
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axillary nerve
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arises from the anterior rami of fifth, sixth ans seventh cervical nerves in the neck and courses along the chest wall to innervate the serratus anterior muscle
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long thoracic nerve
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formed in the neck from the anterior ramy of the eight cervical and first thoracic spinal nerves
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lower trunk
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araises as a branch of the lateral cord and enters the arm to innervate the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm
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musculocutaneous nerve
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plasmacytoma
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solitary myeloma, involving soft tissue, is a plasma cell proliferation resembling multiple myeloma but without significant metastatic potential
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plasmacytomas that might develop into multiple myeloma
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the ones involving the bone
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group of rare lymphoplasmacytic malignancies in which excessive amount of defective heavy immunoglobulin chain are produced (G, A, M); malignant cells are usually present in the marrow
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heacy chain disease
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malignancy of lymphoplasmacytic cells that secrete IgM; with marrow diffusely infiltrated by lymphocytes, plasma cells and hybrid forms
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Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
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nerve laying between palmaris longus and FCR tendons
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median nerve
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median nerve cords
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lateral and medial
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musculocutaneous cords
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lateral alone
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trunks that do not give rise to any nerves
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middle and lower
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upper trunk nerves
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sublcavius, suprascapular
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nerves from the posterior cord
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axillary and radial nerve
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necrotic nucleus
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washed out (karyolysis), compact (pyknotic) or fragmented (karyorrhexis)
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most common proteins in hederitary spherocytosis
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spectrin and ankyrin
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methemoglobin
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Fe +2-> Fe +3, cannot bind O2
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defect in congenital methemoglobinemia
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NADH-methemoglobin reductase
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part of the lesser omentum that separates the greater peritoneal sac from the right portion of the lesser peritoneal sac
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gastrohepatic ligament
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mesenteric membrane between the liver and the anterior abdominal wall
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falciform ligament, within the greater peritoneal sac
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layer of fascia for lipo
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camper fascia
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mass above pituitary, cystic lesion filled with dark, oily fluid containing granular derbis
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craniopharyngioma
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pick disease
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frontal symptoms in conjunction with a fromtotemporal atrophy= frontotemporal dementia
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Lewy body disease Cx
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extrapyramidal symptoms similar to PD
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Conn syndrome
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primary hyperaldo
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innervated by superficial peroneal nerve
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peroneus longus, brevis, skin of the dorsum of foot
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muscles innervated by deep peroneal nerve
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extensor digitorum brevis, longus, hallucis longus, peroneus tertius
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mean systemic pressure in CO vs RAP diagram
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venous return curve x intercept
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basophilic rhomboid crystals in joint
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calcium pyrophosphate
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softening and cavitation around the central canal of the spinal cord damages crossing fibers STT
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syringomyelia, assoc to Arnold-Chiari
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nonfluent aphasia due to damage to the inferior frontal gyrus
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Brocas
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