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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 2 groups of white lesions?
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hyperkeratosis leukoplakia |
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what is hyperkeratosis? |
athickening of the horny layer of the epidermis or mucosa that is caused byincreased keratin production |
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what is leukoplakia? |
undiagnosedwhite lesion. The term implies a premalignant state. |
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what are fordyce granules |
normal sebaceous glands - ectopic |
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what percent of the population has fordyce spots? |
80% |
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t/f: fordyce spots are most often found in children |
false- adults |
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where may fordyce spots be found? |
lower lip buccal mucosa (bilateral) |
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t/f: fordyces spots equallyaffect both male and females |
true |
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what is the histology of fordyce spots? |
sebaceous gland (rounded cells with clear granular cytoplasm) |
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what is leukoedema? |
intracellular edema and thin whitish plaques on buccal mucosa
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who is more likely to have leukoedema? |
african americans |
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t/f: leukoedema rubs off and disappears when stretched. |
false - true. does not rub off. disappears when stretched |
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what is geographic tongue? |
reddened patches with yellow-white boarders on dorsal and lateral surfaces
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what percent of the population has geographic tongue? |
2-3% |
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t/f: females are affected twice as often as males with geographic tongue. |
true
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t/f: geographic tongue is an inflammatory condition. |
true
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t/f: the patterns change in geographic tongue |
true |
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what is frictional keratosis? |
physical irritation that appears as whitish plaques |
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what is the adaptive response of frictional keratosis? |
callus |
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what is a callus? |
overproduction of keratin |
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what is linea alba? |
localized friction that occurs along the line of occlusion on the buccal mucosa |
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what may linea alba indicate? |
bruxism |
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what is another name for cheek chewing? |
mosicatio labiorum |
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what happens as a result of cheek chewing? |
overproduction of keratin |
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what kind of trauma is cheek biting? |
chronic trauma
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what should you do with patients that cheek chew? |
show it to them and tell them to stop |
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what is nicotine stomatitis? |
keratotic changes of palatal mucosa |
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what is the appearance of nicotine stomatitis? |
white keratinized tissue with minor salivary gland duct opening appear red |
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what may nicotine stomatitis lead to? |
carcinoma |
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what should you do with patients that have nicotine stomatitis? |
encourage smoking cessation |
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what is hairy tongue? |
elongation of filiform papillae that occurs on dorsal of tongue |
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what may hairy tongue be caused by? |
antibiotics radiation therapy smoking peroxide use overgrowth of oral flora |
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what does hairy tongue look like? |
hairlike projections that may be white or brown |
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what can the patient do to get rid of their hairy tongue? |
take chlorhexidine gluconate tongue cleaner and debridement with toothbrush |
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what are examples of chemical and thermal burns? |
aspirin placed on tooth home remedies phenols silver nitrate hydrogen peroxide hot foods |
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necrosis of the epithelium causes what color? |
white |
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what is coagulation necrosis? |
necroses of the surface epithelium from a chemical burn |
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what is missing from cells in coagulation necrosis? |
a nuclei |
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what is candidiasis? |
.overgrowth of candida |
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what is pseudomembranous candidiasis? |
candidiasis with a membrane that can be wiped off |
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who does candidiasis not occur in? |
healthy individuals |
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what are predisposing factor for candidiasis? |
systemic broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy corticosteroid use smoking xerostomia system disorders, diabetes, immune function disorders |
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what is chronic hyperplastic candidiasis? |
very low malignant transformation |
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what percent of chronic hyper plastic candidiasis may become dysplasia? |
15% |
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can you distinguish chronic hyper plastic candidiasis from leukoplakia? |
no |
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what happens to the immune system with chronic hyper plastic candidiasis? |
its reduced |
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how do you treat chronic hyper plastic candidiasis?
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antifungals vitamin A/retinoids laser conventional surgery |
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what it the only form of candidiasis that may have malignant potential and is considered premalignant? |
chronic hyperplastic candidiasis |
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what is hairy leukoplakia caused by? |
caused by an infection with the epstein-barr virus and HIV
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where is hairy leukoplakia found? |
on lateral boarder of tongue |
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what kind of patients have hairy leukoplakia? |
HIV organ transplant |
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does hairy leukoplakia rub off? |
no |
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what is parulis? |
swelling of the gingiva with drainage of the sinus tract from the infection of periodontal or pulp |
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t/f: parulis has purulent exudate and yellow pus. |
true |
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what should be considered with parulis? |
odontogenic infection |
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what is lichen planus? |
chronic immune-mediated mucocutaneous disorder where t-cells are required and damage the epithelium
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what cells are recruited in lichen planus? |
t lymphocytes to skin and oral mucosa |
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t/f: lichen planus is chronic cell-mediated immune response? |
true
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what are the lines called in lichen planus? |
wickham straie - lacey look |
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is lichen planus contageous? |
no |
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can lichen planus be wiped off? |
no |
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what does prutitic mean? |
itchy |
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what are the chief complaints of lichen planus? |
texture change affects sites prone to trauma malignancy potentnial |
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what is white sponge nevus? |
widespread keratinization of the buccal mucosa and labial mucosa |
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who gets white sponge nevus? |
people with the autosomal dominant gene (inheretid) |
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t/f: white sponge nevus is because of a mutation of keratin genes |
true |
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t/f: white sponge nevus is common |
false |
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what is white sponge nevus similar to in appearance? |
cheek chewing |
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what is speckled leukoplakia? |
exhibits both red and white components that may have redness, ulceration, or pebbly appearance |
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what is proliferative verrucous leukoplakia? |
aggressive form of leukoplakia that forms on gingival tissues with high incidence of malignancy
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what is leukoplakia of the lower lip related to? |
chronic sun damage |
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what are the stages of dysplasia? |
mild moderate severe |
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what type of cancer do people die from? |
invasive squamous cell carcinoma (invasive SCC) |
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what is oral sub mucous fibrosis caused by? |
areca nut chewing genetic predisposition genetic mutation |
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what occurs from areca nut use? |
dark staining on tissues |
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what is arecoline? |
a chemical that causes collagen production by fibroblasts |
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what what do the fibroblasts produce/ |
strong bands that inhibit oral opening, tongue movement, and affect speech |
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what should be determined for any lesion detected? |
etiology |
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when should patients be examined for tissue change? |
each visit |
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what kind of lesions may recur? |
previous lesions that are either malignant or dysplastic |
