Pyscopathology Test 1

Front 1

Psychological disorder

Back 1

Cognitive, emotional, and/or behavioral dysfunction

Front 2

Scientific practitioner framework if psychopathology 3 stages

Back 2

Interaction of clinical work and science.

1) consumer science: enhanced the practice

2) evaluator of practice: determines effectiveness of practice

3) creator of science: conducting research for useful procedures in practice

Front 3

Etiology

Back 3

Cause/source of the disorder

Front 4

Prognosis

Back 4

Predicted development of disorder overtime

Front 5

Prevelance

Back 5

Number of cases of a disorder in the total population at any given time

Front 6

Incident

Back 6

Number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific period

Front 7

Course

Back 7

Pattern of development and change if disorder over time

Front 8

Course-episodic

Back 8

Happening in specific spread out times

Front 9

Course-time limited?

Back 9

Due to one thing that will be over soon? Work, school

Front 10

Course- acute

Back 10

Shorter time frame

Front 11

Course-insidious

Back 11

Going on for a long timeframe

Front 12

The cause informs the...?

Back 12

Treatment

Front 13

Mass hysteria

Back 13

St. Vitus dance: group of people that kept growing and dancing

Front 14

Lunatic?

Back 14

Paracelsus was a Swiss physician looking at the Moon and stars

Front 15

History of abnormal behavior... 3?

Back 15

Supernatural

Biological

Psychological

Front 16

Supernatural 14th century view to abnormal behavior

Back 16

Etiology: natural curable phenomenon- connected with sin

Treatment: humanistic-rest, positive environment, community based

Front 17

Supernatural behavioral deviance started how?

Back 17

Etiology: devil, witchcraft, sorcery- great Persian empire

Treatment: exorcism, torture...

Front 18

Hippocrates?

Back 18

Father of modern Western medicine start of the biological abnormal behavior

Front 19

Biological abnormal behavior

Back 19

Etiology: physical disease-head truama, genetics

Front 20

Galen-biological

Back 20

Etiology brain chemical imbalance.. 4 main humors

Front 21

What are the 4 main humors?

Back 21

Blood-sanguine (cheerful)

Black bile- depressed

Yellow bile- chloric (hot tempored)

Phlegm- phlegmatic (sluggish)

Front 22

What is the treatment to the 4 humors?

Back 22

Change in environmental levels

Front 23

Consequences of if the biological tradition

Back 23

Increased hospitalization with untreatable conditions.

Front 24

Moral therapy

Back 24

Philippe pinel started this humanistic practice where you treat patients normally then moved to William time, and finally Benjamin rush

Front 25

Asyllum reform results...

Back 25

Overcrowded hospitals made the treatment ineffective-mental hygiene movement

Front 26

Early biological treatment?

Back 26

Physically heating, drying, moisture, bloodletting, induced vomiting

Front 27

Difference between one-dimension and two-dimension model approaches to practice

Back 27

With two, dimension we use the bio, psycho, social model.

Front 28

Diathesis stress model

Back 28

We are born with more or less likelyhood if a disorder and depending on if we are born with more of it, it takes less to get disorder

Front 29

Gene- Environment correlation model

Back 29

Repetition for issues causing disorder. After time the stressors recycle out

Front 30

Epigenetics

Back 30

Our environment can override out genetic predisposition

Front 31

Medulla function(CNS)

Back 31

Life functions: breathing, digestion, heart beating.

Front 32

Pons(CNS)

Back 32

Connects cerebral cortex and cerrabellum; fine motor movements are transported

Front 33

Cerrabellum (CNS hind brain)

Back 33

1)refines motor movements. 2) classically conditions memory; food poisoning, sick from it afterwards

Front 34

CNS

Back 34

Brain stem: transporter of sensory infi to movement. Forebrain, hind brain, and mid brain

Front 35

Forebrain

Back 35

Telecophalon- has limbic system

Front 36

Limbic system houses what?

Back 36

Hippocampus, amygdala, basic ganglia, cerebral cortex

Front 37

Midbrain does what

Back 37

Mesencephalon: sensory and motor info

Front 38

Agonist medication

Back 38

Increases desired neurotransmitter

Front 39

Antagonist

Back 39

Decreases desired neurotransmitter

Front 40

Inverse agonist

Back 40

Produces opposite effect of target neurotransmitter

Front 41

Serotonin

Back 41

Mood, emotion and perception (depression)

Front 42

Dopamine

Back 42

Reward center of brain- anxiety

Front 43

GABA

Back 43

Neuron firing in CNS: high- focus, low-anxiety

Front 44

Norepinephrine

Back 44

Increases heart rate and blood pressure. Fight or flight

Front 45

Glutamate

Back 45

Sends signals to other cells

Front 46

Two parts of the autonomic nervous system

Back 46

Involuntary movement

1) sympathetic nervous system

-fight or flight

2) Parasympathetic nervous system

-rest and digest

Front 47

Operant conditioning

Back 47

Rewards or punishment to get desired reaction.

Front 48

Operant conditioning example

Back 48

Martin Suliman electric floor and dog- make the dog " learn helplessness"

Front 49

3 differences between learned helplessness and opportunist

Back 49

1) Permance: time limited/ perminant

2) Pervaciceness: only impacting one area of live/all areas of life

3) personalization: looking at all the factors of the situation/it's because of them it happened

Front 50

Prepared learning

Back 50

Evolutionary learned things(fear of snakes)

Front 51

Implicit learning

Back 51

Fine motor movement memory(HM)

Front 52

Feeling state that motivates our behavior

Back 52

Emotions

Front 53

Persistent period of emotion

Back 53

Mood

Front 54

Affect

Back 54

Momentary emotional tone that colors what we say or do

Front 55

Universality of psychological disorders

Back 55

Cultural, social and interpersonal- all affect disorders around the world

Front 56

Two parts of the Peripheral Nervous System

Back 56

1) Somatic Nervous system

2) Autonomic Nervous system

Front 57

What is a Clinical Assessment

Back 57

Systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, bio and social, factors in an individual presenting with a possible psychological disorder

Front 58

What is a Diagnosis

Back 58

Degree of fit between symptoms and diagnostic criteria in DSM-5

Front 59

What are the three measures of assessing values

Back 59

Reliability, validity and standardization

Front 60

Types of reliability

Back 60

Inter-rater: should get the same outcome independent of the test taker

Test-retest: Should get similar score longitudinally

Front 61

Types of Validity

Back 61

Construct: measuring something you cannot directly observe

Face: the ability to figure out what the test is measuring

Predictive validity: do results from test predict future behavior.

Front 62

How to test if a test is valid?

Back 62

Concurrent: taking a gold standard test and comparing the correlation between scores of the two test

Discriminant: Taking a test of a different measure and getting low correlation.

Front 63

What are standardization methods

Back 63

Consistent use of techniques that provides normative population data. Same administration procedures and scoring techniques.

Front 64

Types of clinical interviews. what they are assessing

Back 64

Structure, semi-structured and unstructured assessments. Assessing;

current and past behavior

Attitudes

emotions

detailed history

presenting problem

Front 65

Mental Status Exam

Back 65

Measures:

Appearance and behavior

Thought process

Mood and affect

Intellectual functioning

Sensorium(Where, When, Who)

Front 66

Four whats to assessing psychological disorders

Back 66

1. Behavioral

2. Psychological/Neuropsychological

3. Neuroimaging

4. Psychophysiological

Front 67

Behavioral assessment

Back 67

Observations, Analog models(simulating real-life situations), The ABC's (Antecedents(what's causing the behavior), behavior, consequences), self monitoring

Front 68

What does a Neuropsychological Assesment look for?

Back 68

Identify and localize neurological damage or disease

Front 69

What is the difference between fixed and flexible batteries

Back 69

Flexible has costume questions to the individual

Front 70

Define confabulation

Back 70

something in motion

Front 71

Difference between subjective and objective personality assessments

Back 71

Projective is making unconscious conscious; Rochchahc, TAT. Objective would be personality inventories that are y/n questionnaires; MMPI

Front 72

Neuroimaging

Back 72

Examines the structure and function of the brain

Front 73

Difference between structure and function in neuroimaging context.

Back 73

The structure would be CT scans that localize tumors, injuries, and structural abnormalities. Functioning detects changes in oxygen/blood/glucose levels during certain tasks

Front 74

Psychophysiological assessment measures?

Back 74

Emotional or psychological events reflected by changes in the nervous system

Front 75

Types of changes in the nervous system that would be reflected in a psychophysiological assessment

Back 75

Brain Waive activity via EEG

Cardiorespiratory; heart and respiration rate

Electrodermal; galvanic sking response (Measures skin perspiration)

Electromyography; muscle tension

Front 76

Diagnosing approaches?

Back 76

Nomothetic: comparing to the population norms

Idiographic: specific characteristics of the individual

Front 77

Define Taxonomy

Back 77

Classification System

Front 78

Nosology

Back 78

Medical or Psychological Contex

Front 79

Nomenclature

Back 79

the specific diagnosis

Front 80

Three classification approaches

Back 80

Classical category: Each diagnosis has a unique set of systems that you must meet all for diagnosis

Dimensional: Scale of disorders that slides, don't need all features to have the diagnosis

Prototypical: Allows for overlap between disorders.

Front 81

Civil Commitment

Back 81

Legal declaration of mental illness

Front 82

Criteria for Civil Commitment

Back 82

1. mentally ill and need treatment

2. need to show danger to self/others

3. Gravely disable/cannot care for self

Front 83

What is Parens Patriae

Back 83

Where the government assigns a legal guardian to a mentally disabled individual to make adult decisions for them.

Front 84

Criminal Commitment

Back 84

Looks at nature of crime and are they competent to stand trial

Guild, guilty mentally ill, and NGRI

Front 85

Insanity defense?

Back 85

NGRI- must be able to prove insanity at the time of the crime

Front 86

M'Naghten Rule (Mid 1800's)

Back 86

At the time of the accusation he they were not in the right mind

Front 87

Durham Rule

Back 87

Accused not criminally responsible if the unlawful act was the product of mental disease.

Front 88

The insanity defense reform act

Back 88

The person charged w/ offense should be found NGRI if he was unable to appreciate the wrongfulness of his conduct at the time of offense.

Front 89

Competence to stand trial

Back 89

the ability of legal defendant ot participate in their own defense and understand the charges and the roles of the trial participants

Front 90

Duty to warn

Back 90

Mental health professionals obligation to warn if the person is harmful to themselves or others. Must give intended victim knowledge of the threat.

Front 91

Malingering

Back 91

Pretending to have disability for self advantages