Pyschology Ch. 5 Learning Terms

Front 1

Learning is defined as:

Back 1

An enduring change in either
(a) behavior
or
(b) mental representations as a result of experience.

Front 2

Behavioral Psychologists:

Back 2

focus on how behavior
changes as a result of experience.

Front 3

Cognitive Psychologists:

Back 3

focus on how mental
representations change as a result of experience.

Front 4

Three types of conditioning:

Back 4

Classical
Operant
Social

Front 5

Conditioned:

Back 5

Learned

Front 6

Unconditioned:

Back 6

Unlearned or not learned

Front 7

Classical Conditioning:

Back 7

Always starts with a reflex.
Ex: We see a doughnut (unconditioned stimulus) and we begin to salivate (unconditioned response).

Front 8

Extinction:

Back 8

The gradual weakening and apparent disappearance of conditioned behavior.
(not the same as unlearning)

Front 9

Stimulus Generalization:

Back 9

The Conditioned Response will
be elicited by stimuli similar to the Conditioned stimulus.

Front 10

Operant Conditioning:

Back 10

Acquiring complex behavior
that is not built upon simple biological reflexes.

Front 11

Thorndike’s Law of Effect:

Back 11

We remember what
works and what doesn’t work.

a.k.a. "Trial-and-error learning"

Front 12

Positive Reinforcement:

Back 12

Increasing the likelihood of a
particular behavior by adding a positive stimulus.

ex: "If you make all A's, I will give you 100 dollars."

Front 13

Negative Reinforcement:

Back 13

Increasing the likelihood of a
particular behavior by taking away an aversive stimulus.

Two (2) Ways:
Avoidance Learning and Escape Learning

Front 14

Avoidance Learning:

Back 14

Taking away an aversive stimuli before it occurs.

ex: "If you make all A's, you don't have to do your chores"

Front 15

Escape Learning:

Back 15

Taking away an aversive stimulus that is already happening.

ex:" If you make all A's, I will stop continuously punching you."

Front 16

Primary Reinforcers:

Back 16

Things that are naturally rewarding
or aversive.

ex: Food, Sex, Water, Pain

Front 17

Conditioned Reinforcers:

Back 17

Things that we learn to
associate with positive or aversive outcomes.

ex: Money

Front 18

Positive Punishment:

Back 18

Decreasing the likelihood of a
particular behavior by adding an aversive stimulus.

ex: "If you wet the bed, I will spank you."

Front 19

Negative Punishment:

Back 19

Decreasing the likelihood of a
particular behavior by taking away a positive stimulus.

ex: "If you wet your bed, I will take away one of your toys."

Front 20

Social Learning:

Back 20

Learn from other people's mistakes.

a.k.a.: Observational Learning

Front 21

Experience Dependent:

Back 21

Individual differences in experience
can lead to individual differences in abilities.

Front 22

Experience Expectant:

Back 22

Under normal development, certain
behaviors will arise because the brain expects exposure to
certain experiences under normal development