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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prehistory to 500 C.E
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nomadic lifestyle, improved tools, used fire to their advantage, thus enabling them to create a more sophisticated human culture.
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Environment
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Egypt used floodwater for farming; Phoenicia set up a trading empire on the sea; Mesopotamia created irrigation and flood control systems
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Cooperation
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Assyria developed an empire-wide communication system; Mesopotamia built temples and house for religious leaders;Palestime adhered to sacred law to maintain separateness
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Cultural Diffusion
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Assyria acquired iron making for the Hittities; Persia acquired arcitecture from the Assyrians, Babylonians and Egyptians; Egypt acquired bronze making from the Hyssops
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Innovation
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Mesopotamia invented the arch, dome, wheel, and system of writing; Phoenicia invented an alphabet; Persia created a standing army
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Silk Road
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a mean for prosperous trade
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Zhou dynasty
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Over threw the Shang dynasty establishing the longest-lasting dynasty in Chinese history
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India Religion
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Hinduism, Buddhism
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India Key People
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Siddhartha Guatama, Asoka, Chandragupta II
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India Innovation
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Iron plow, Caste system, concept of zero, decimal system
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India Literature
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Mahabharata, Ramayana, Arthasastra, Vedas
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India Government/Society
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Patriarchal, Monarchy
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China Religion
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Confusianism, Daosim, Legalism
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China Key People
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Confucius, Laozi, Qin Shihuangdi
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China Innovation
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Broze casting, crossbow, paper, iron plowshare, silk
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China Literature
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Analects, Confucian classics, Tao Te Ching, poetry
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China Government/Society
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Patriarchal, monarchy
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Cause: Rome defeated Carthage adn took Sicily.
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Effect: Hannibal brought the Second Punic War into Italy, defeating the Romans at Canne.
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Cause: Marius recruited armies by promising them land. He required an oath of loyalty to him.
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Effect: The Roman army was no longer under government control; military power rested in the hands of individual generals.
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Cause: Sulla used his army to seize governmental power
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Effect: Sulla restored power to the government with a strong Senate; but his actions set teh precedent for military coups.
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Cause: Julius Caeser filled the Senate with his own people
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Effect: The power of the Senate was weakened. Julius Caeser was assassinated in 44 B.C.E
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Cause: Economics and social policies of Diocletian and Constantine were based on control and coercion
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Effect: The policies of these two emperors contributed to teh empire's eventual collapse
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Islam Innovation
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Irrigation; astrolabe; algebra; large-scale paper manufactoring
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Islam movement
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Trade routes; Arab expansion in Africa, Asia, and Europe; Movement of Arab center of power from Makkah to Baghdad to Cairo
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Islam Cultural Diffision
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Bureaucracy relied on non-Arabs; Arabs translated Greek philosophers; Ibn Sina's medical textbook was standard in Europe
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Early African Civilization trade
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Ghanaian gold was exchanged for salt from the Sahara. Muslim traers brought cotton, silk and Chinese procelian from India to East Africa. Malian farmers produced surplus crops for export. Ivory and gold from inland Africa werebrought to East Africa. Cotton cloth, brass, copper and olive oil were import by Azum. The Kingdom fo Mali became rich from profitable salt and gold trades.
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Early African Civilization migration
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Bantu people slowly migrated into East Africa. Arab merchants setteld along the east coast of Africa. Islamic scholars moved to Timbuktu, a new center of learning.
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Early African Civilization warfare
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Kushites conquered egyptiams. Mulim merchants gained control of Azum's tade. Moroccan armies occupied Songahi's gold-tading centers. Assyrians drove the Kushites out of Egypt.
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Strong Leaders: China
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Sui, Tan and Song dynasties; Mongols
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Strong Leaders: Japan
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Yamato and Fujiwara Clans; Kamakura shogunate; Ashikaga family
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Strong Leaders: Korea
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Korya and Yi dynasties
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Strong Leaders: India
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Madmud: Timur Lenk
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Strong Leaders: Southeast Asia
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Vietnam - emperors; Angkor- Jayavarman; Thialand and Burma- Kings; Malay - Overlords
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Europe and Byzantine - movement
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Anglos and Saxons settled in England. Monks can to England to convert the Anglo-Saxon to Christianity, Vikings, Magyars and Muslims invaded areas of Europe.
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Europe and Byzantine - cooperation
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The Frankish ruler Clovis converted to Christianity and gained the support of the Roman Catholic Chruch. Benedictine rule emphazed the need for monks to wrok together within the monastery. The system fo feudalism, based on the granting of land to nobles in exchange for military service, spread throughout Europe.
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Europe and Byzantine - Conflict
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Charlemagne's death led to the decline and division of the Carolinan Empire. Schism divided the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. William the Conqueror defeated Harold Godwinson in the Battle of Hasting.
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Europe and Byzantine - uniformity
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The emperor Justinian restored the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean. Eastern Orthodox Christianity became the state religion of Kiev. The Magna Carta guaranteed rights to all English freemen.
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Europe in the Middle Ages (1000- 1500) Cultural diffusion
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The Crusades increased the exchange of good and ideas between European and non-European cultures. European monarchs gained strength through the new armies required for the Crusades. Increased trade, especially of luxury goods, led to new importance for Italian cities. Classical texts were translated and reitroduced into Europe, leading to a revival in learning.
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Europe in the Middle Ages (1000-1500) Innovation
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The rise of towns andthe middle class led to advances in all areas of society. As trade increased, the importance of towns and guilds grews. A money economy replaced bartaring. Univerisities were founded. The Romaneque style of architecture gave way to the Gothic style.
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Europe in the Middle Ages (1000- 1500) Conflict
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The Hundred Year's War and the Great Schism strengthened the authority of some and weakened the authority of others. After the Hundred Years' War, the French monarchy gained power. Conflict within the English Monarchy led to the War of the Roses, Conflict, corruption and challenges by reformers weakened the authority of the Catholic Church.
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Americas - Mound Builders, Iroquois
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Location - Eastern woodlands Economics- Hunting and gathering, some agriculture Architecture- Longhouses, some urban centers
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Americas - Plains
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Location - Central Plains Economics - hunting and gathering Architecture - tepees
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Americas - Anasazi
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Location - Southwest Economics - Extensive farming Architecture - Cliff dwellings
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Americas - Olmec, Maya, Aztec
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Location - Mesoamerica Economics - farming and trade Architecture - large cities, religious and political structures
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Americas - Moche, Inca
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Location - South America Economics - Farming and trade Architecture - large cities, religious, and political structure.
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Renaissance
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a period of great intellectual and artistic achievement. the reexamining of culture of the Greeks and Romans.
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Reformation
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Martin Luther break with the Catholic Church. Protestant reformers began to challenge both secular and religious rules and practices. In response, the Church enacted to reforms to reform the papacy and reaffirm traditional Catholic teaching, spreading Catholicism throughout Europe.
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The Age of Exploration (1500 - 1800)
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Early European explorers sought gold in Africa then began to trade slaves. Trade increased in Southeast Asia, and the Dutch built a trade empire baded on spices in the Indonesian Archipelago. This brought the peoples of Europe, Asia, the Americas, and Africa into direct contact for the first time and led to a transfer of ideas and products.
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1550-1715 conflict
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Spanish and English monarchs engaged in a dynastic struggle. Philip II, a champion of Catholicism, resented English tolerance of Protestants. The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 meant that Engloand would remain Protestant. Dynastic and religious conflicts divided the German states. Two German states, Prussia and Austria, emerged as great powers in the seventh and eighteenth centuries. Prussia built an army to protect its borders. Austria was diverse with no common culture or political rule.
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(1550 - 1715) change
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Tudor monarchs brought stability and proseperity to England. The Act of Supremacy was passed. Foreign policy was moderate. Queen Elizabeth Tudor tried to keep Spain and France from becoming too powerful by balancing power. Spain hoped to successfully invade England, overthrow Protestantism, and begin a return to Catholicism. The Spanish Armada, however, was defeated by england in 1588.
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(1550 - 1715) Uniformity
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France's Louis XIV strengthened absolute monarchy in France and limited the rights of religious dissenters. He removed nobles and princes from royal council and kept them busy with court life. He bribed people to make sure his policies were follewed in the provinces.
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(1550 - 1715) Innovation
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Peter the Great attempted to modernize Russian society by introducing Western customs, practices, and manners. He wrote a Russian book of etiquette to teach Western manner, and he mixed the sexes for conversation and dancing.
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The Muslim Empires (1450 - 1800) Ottomans
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Warfare - Trained janissaries, conquered Constantinoples Arts - Made magnificent mosques, pottery, rugs, and jewerly Government - The sultan governed through local rulers called pashas Trade - Merchants were the privileged class Religion - Sunni Muslim, religious tolerance Women - Social restrictions could own land, inherit property, seek divorce, and hold senior government offices
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The Muslim Empires (1450 - 1800 Safavids
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Warfare - Battled Ottomans, allied with European states Arts - Blended Persain and Turkish influences, excelled at carpet making and painting Government- The shah trained administrators Trade - Geography limited trade Religion - Shiite Muslim, religios orthodoxy Woman - Social restrictions, were kept secluded and made to wear veils
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The Muslim Empires (1450 - 1800) Moguls
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Warfare - Conquered India, battled Persians and British Arts - Combined Persian and Indian motifs, excelled at architecture and painting Government - The emperor controlled semi-independent states Trade - Traded with Europeans Religous - Muslim, Hindu Religious tolerance Women -
Some social restrictions, served as warriors, landowners, political advisors and businesspeople. |
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The East Asian World
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China closed its doors to Europeans. The Ming and Qing dynasties produced blue- and-white porcelain and new literary forms.
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Revolution and the Enlightenment
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laid the foundation for a modern worldview based on rationalism and secularism. was slo a movement to intellectauls who were greatly impressed with achievements of Scientific Revolution. Some rulers to advocate such natural rights as equality before the law and freedon of religion.
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The French Revolution and Napoleon Major changes
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From the meeting of the Estates-General, the creation of the National Assembly
From the Great Fear, the adoption of important reform by nobility in the National Assembly From the Declaration of Rights, the spread fo liberal beliefs From the March of Versailles, teh return of Louis XVI to Paris From the Reign of Terror, the Fall of Robespierre and the establishment o fthe Directory From Napoleon's coup d'etat, the creation of the French Empire From the Battle of Trafalgar, the safety of Great Britian and the birth of Continential System From the Invation of Russia, the death of hundreds of thousands and the downfall of Napoleon |
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Industrialization and Nationalism
Advances |
Steam and coal became new sources of power
Higher-quality iron led to better railroads |
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Industrialization and Nationalism
Conflict |
Nationalism and Liberalism became forces for change
Conservatives attempted to suppress nationalism |
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Industrialization and Nationalism
Change |
People moved to cities for Factory work.
Italy unified. Germany emerged as a strong European power. |
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Industrialization and Nationalism
Reaction |
Russian czar opposed the forces of liberalism and nationalism
Science had a greater impact on people, undermining religious faith |
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Industrialization and Nationalism
Diversity |
Austria-Hungary contained many different ethnic groups seeking self-rule.
Romanticism and realism were opposite artistic styles. |
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Mass Society and Democracy
Economics |
The Second Industrial Revolution, combined with the growth of transportation by steamship and railroad, fostered a true world economy.
Industrail growth and the development of new energy resources led to increased production of consumer goods. |
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Mass Society and Democracy
Politics |
Growth of mass politics led to the developmetn of new political parties.
Labor leaders used ideas of socialism and Marxism to form unions. |
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Mass Society and Democracy
Society |
Women fought for equal
rights. Society adoped middle-class values. Unions fought for labor reforms. Mass leisure developed because people had more money. |
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Mass Society and Democracy
Culture |
Many artist rejected traditional styles and developed new art movements.
New scientific ideas radically changed people's perception of the world. |
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Mass Society and Democracy
Conflict |
Nationalism and imperialism created conflict in the Balkans and eventually led to WWI.
Growth of nationalism led to increased anti-Semitism. |
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The Height of Imperialism, East Asia under Challenge
Movement |
Imperialistic nations set up colonies and protectorates. Christian missionaries preach in Africa and Asia. British policy in South Africa was influenced by Cecil Rhodes, who made a fortune in South Africa by founding diamond and gold companies. He gained control of territory north of the Transvaal, which he named Rhodesia, after himself.
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The Height of Imperialism
Change |
Ferinand de Lesseps completed the Suez Canal in 1869. King Leopold II of Belgium colonized the congo Basin. The United States gained new territory after teh Spanish-American War. The Panama Canal opened in 1914.
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The Height of Imperialism
Reaction |
The British East India Company controlled India. Afrikaners set up independent republic.
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The Height of Imperialism
Nationalism |
The United States created the Monroe Doctrine in 1823. In May 1857, the sepoys rebelled against British commanders. Afrikaners fought the British in the Boer War from 1899 to 1902.
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East Asia under Challenge
Movement |
British secured trade outlets at five coastal port in China. Commodore Perry sailed into Edo Bay. Japan invaded Port Arthur, Manchurai.
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East Asia under Challenge
Change |
Japan's Tokugawa shogunate and China's Qing dynasty collapsed. Meiji reformers instituted compulsory military service in Japan. John Hay, U.S. secretary of state, proclaimed that all major states ith economic interests in China had agreed that the country should an Open Door policy. The Open Door policy reflected American concern for the survival of China.
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East Asia under Challenge
Reaction |
Tai Pin Rebellion broke out in China. Sat-Cho leaders demanded the resignation of Japan's Shogun. Boxer Rebellion occurred in China.
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East Asia under Challenge
Nationalism |
Meiji government reformed Japan. Japan adoped the Meiji constitution. Sun Yat-sen established the Republic of China.
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War and Revolution
Cooperation (Alliance System) |
Two loose alliances formed in Europe: the triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) And teh Triple Entente (France, Great Britain, and Russia) Alliances drew France and Great Britian into a conflict in which they had no direct interest.
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War and Revolution
Conflict(WWI) |
Combat took the forms of trench warfare on the Western Front, a war of movement on the Eastern Front, and German submarine warfare in the waters surrounding Great Britain. For the first time in history, airplanes were used for reconnaissance, combat, and bombing.
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War and Revolution
Revolution (Russian Revolution) |
Military and economic crises led to a spontaneous revolution that ended the reign of the czars. The Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government and estabished a communist regime.
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War and Revolution
Internationalism (Peace of Paris) |
The peace was a compromise between international and national interests. Germany's reparation payments, military reduction and territorial losses created a lasting bitterness that helped spark WWII.
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The West Between the Wars
Political and Economic Changes: |
In Britian, the Conseration Pary implemented traditional economic ploicies.
Int eh United States, President Roosevelt developed the New Deal, a polixy of active government intervention in the economy. In France, the Popular Front established the French New Deal, which promoted worker's rights. |
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The West Between the Wars
Rise of Totalitarianism |
In Italy, Mussolini led the Fascists to power.
Stalin became dicator of the Soviet Union and purged the Communist Party of Old Bolsheviks. In Germany, Adolf Hitler established a totalitarian Nazi regime an started the large-scale persecution of Jews. |
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The West Between the Wars
Innovations and Ideas |
The artistic movemetns of Dadaism and surrealism reflicted the uncertainty of life created by WWI.
Redio and film transfromed communications and entertainment. Literary techiques reflected in the unconscious. Werner (Karl) Heisenberg's uncertainty principle suggested that physical laws are based on uncertainty. |
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Nationalism Around the World
Middle East |
Teh decline of the Ottoman Empire resulted in the emergence of many new Arab states
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East Asia under Challenge
Reaction |
Tai Pin Rebellion broke out in China. Sat-Cho leaders demanded the resignation of Japan's Shogun. Boxer Rebellion occurred in China.
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East Asia under Challenge
Nationalism |
Meiji government reformed Japan. Japan adoped the Meiji constitution. Sun Yat-sen established the Republic of China.
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War and Revolution
Cooperation (Alliance System) |
Two loose alliances formed in Europe: the triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) And teh Triple Entente (France, Great Britain, and Russia) Alliances drew France and Great Britian into a conflict in which they had no direct interest.
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War and Revolution
Conflict(WWI) |
Combat took the forms of trench warfare on the Western Front, a war of movement on the Eastern Front, and German submarine warfare in the waters surrounding Great Britain. For the first time in history, airplanes were used for reconnaissance, combat, and bombing.
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War and Revolution
Revolution (Russian Revolution) |
Military and economic crises led to a spontaneous revolution that ended the reign of the czars. The Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government and estabished a communist regime.
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