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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Newborn Screening (NBS)?
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"NBS is a screening process that is performed on all babies born in NSW. It is used to try to identify many ""inborn errors of metabolism"" in neonates at an early enough stage so as to make treatment more effective --> looking for rare genetic or metabolic conditions
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When is NBS done?
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48-72 hours after birth
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How is NBS done?
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"by pricking the baby's heel and taking blood
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What does NBS test for?
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"1) PHENYLKETONURIA (PKU) --> a deficiency in liver enzymes that breaks down phenylalanine
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"List 3 prenatal screening tests --> 1 is general, 1 is for the 1st trimester, and 1 is for the 2nd trimester"
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"prenatal screening tests --> identify babies at increased risk of having a particular problem
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List 4 Prenatal Diagnostic Tests
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"prenatal diagnostic tests --> used to see if baby actually has a particular problem
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What are the SIX indications for prenatal diagnostic testing?
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"1- close relative or previous child with a serious condition
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"List the prenatal testing options, in order from conception"
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"*8-10 weeks --> dating u/s scan
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When is the Dating U/S Scan done?
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8 - 10 weeks
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What are the 3 main purposes of the Dating u/s?
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"1) checks or confirms how pregnant you are
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What are the risks of Dating u/s scan?
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none to baby
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What are the 2 main purposes of the nuchal translucency u/s test?
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"1) screening test to find babies who are at increased risk of a chromosome problem
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What % of babies are found to have increased risk in NT result?
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5% --> most are not found to have a chromosome abnormality
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NT without maternal blood testing will find what % of Down's?
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"*75% with Down's will have increased test result
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How can you improve the results for Down's?
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"NT plus maternal blood test --> raises detection rate to 80-90%.
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What risks are there to the baby for NT?
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None
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CVS is a screening or diagnostic test?
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Diagnostic for a range of physical and intellectual problems
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What's the miscarriage risk for CVS?
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< 1%
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What does the maternal serum test at 15-18 weeks test for?
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*it's a screening test for both chromosomal problems and neural tube defects
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What % have increased risk results from maternal serum test?
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5%
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Are there any risks to the baby from maternal serum test?
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No
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Amniocentesis is a screening test: T/F?
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"False, it's a diagnostic test <1% risk of miscarriage"
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Cordocentesis is a diagnostic test: T/F?
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True
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Miscarriage risk for cordocentesis?
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Approx 2%
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What is OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS?
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- Too little amniotic fluid. Can be an indication of problems for the mother and baby. U/S measurement of AFI < 5cm
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What are 3 main problems associated with oligohydramnios?
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"1) development of contracture of the limbs
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What are the main causes of oligohydramnios?
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"1) Infection
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What is the treatment for oligohydramnios?
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"Usually, hydration for the mother."
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What's the incidence of bleeding in early pregnancy?
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20-40%
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List 8 Ddx for early bleeding in pregnancy
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"1- idiopathic, implantation bleeding
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What's the def'n of 'miscarriage'?
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Miscarriage refers to pregnancy that ends spontaneously before the fetus has reached 20 weeks gestation
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List 5 RF's for miscarriage
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"1) Maternal age**
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Describe a 'threatened miscarriage'
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"- bleeding in early preg with ongoing viable pregnancy
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What's the mgmt for threatened miscarriage?
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expectant mgmt
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Misoprostol is a prostaglandin analogue: T/F?
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True
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Mifeprostone is an anti progesterone: T/F?
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True
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What are the potential risks of suction curettage?
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"- 99% effective for miscarriage
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Define 'ectopic pregnancy'
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Ectopic Pregnancy occurs when implantation of the developing blastocyst occurs at a site other than the endometrium of the uterine cavity
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List 8 RF's for Ectopic Pregnancy
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"1) Hx of PID or salpingitis --> causes tubal damage
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What is the most common site for ectopic pregnancies?
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Ampulla of fallopian tube (80%)
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What's the classical clinical triad for ectopic pregnancy?
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"1) Amenorrhea
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What is the mgmt for EP?
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"1) SURGERY
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