Pvd

Front 1

most commonly affected area for PVD in non-diabetics

Back 1

femoral-popliteal area

Front 2

peripheral artery disease usually occurs during what ages?

Back 2

60-80

Front 3

most significant risk factors of PAD

Back 3

cigarette smoking; HTN; hyperlipidemia; DM

Front 4

classic symptom of PAD

Back 4

intermittent claudication

Front 5

pain at rest during PAD

Back 5

occurs in the forefoot or toes and is aggravated by limb elevation; occurs from insufficient blood flow; occurs more often at night

Front 6

most serious complications of PAD

Back 6

nonhealing arterial ulcers and gangrene

Front 7

drug therapy for PAD

Back 7

antiplatelet agents; ACE inhibitors

Front 8

most effective exercise for individuals with intermittent claudication?

Back 8

walking 30-60 min daily

Front 9

6 P's or S/S of arterial embolism

Back 9

Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Paralysis, Poikilothermia (coolness)

Front 10

first intervention for arterial embolism

Back 10

heparin therapy

Front 11

Raynaud's disease

Back 11

exaggerated vasospasms of the arterioles and arteries of the upper and lower extremities; affects hands but can be on toes and tip of nose; chronic, intermittent, numbness, coldness, pain and pallor; women 16-40 years of age; cause is unknown, associated with cold or stress; post-spasm, affect area becomes hyperemic

Front 12

treatment for Raynaud's disease

Back 12

vasodilators, topical nitroglycerine, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors

Front 13

Buerger's Disease

Back 13

pain in the arch of the foot is the first clinical indicator; pain may be ischemic in nature; clients have increased sensation to cold; pulses may be diminished in the distal extremities and are cool and red or cyanotic; ulcerations and gangrene may occur; treatment is the same as with Raynaud's

Front 14

varicose veins

Back 14

dilated, tortuous leg veins with back flow of blood caused by incompetent valve closure, which results in venous congestion and vein enlargement

Front 15

DVT most common in which veins

Back 15

iliac and femoral

Front 16

DVT etiology (Virchow's Triad)

Back 16

venous stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoaguability

Front 17

risk factors for DVT

Back 17

bedrest, oral contraceptives, malignancy, surgery, leg trauma with cast, venous insufficiency, obesity

Front 18

S/S of DVT

Back 18

acute SOB; feeling of doom; sudden chest pain; unexplained cough

Front 19

treatment of DVT

Back 19

warm compress; anticoagulant therapy; bedrest; elevation of extremity; compression stockings (once edema has subsided)

Front 20

drug therapy for DVT

Back 20

Lovenox; heparin; vitamin k antagonist (warfarin)

Front 21

chronic venous insufficiency and venous leg ulcers

Back 21

common problem in the elderly; occurs when the valves in the veins are damaged, which results in retrograde venous blood flow, pooling in the legs, and swelling

Front 22

manifestations of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)

Back 22

leathery leg appearance; brownish or brawny appearance; edema; eczema or stasis dermatitis; ulcers (partial thickness); legs may ooze and weep ----> cellulitis

Front 23

with peripheral arterial insufficiency, leg pain during rest can be reduced by---

Back 23

lowering the limb so that it is dependent

Front 24

necrosis to a limb affected by occlusion of a major artery occurs after how many hours?

Back 24

6-10

Front 25

abdominal aortic aneurysm

Back 25

the dilated aortic wall becomes lined with thrombi that can embolize, leading to acute ischemic symptoms in distal branches (most common cause is atherosclerosis)

Front 26

2 classes of aneurysms

Back 26

1. TRUE- the layers of the artery bulges outside the layer that usually confines them
2. FALSE- disruption of all layers of the arterial wall, resulting in bleeding that is contained by the surrounding structures

Front 27

aortic dissection

Back 27

occurs more often in thoracic aorta; the result of a tear in the intimal lining of the arterial wall; affects men more than women

Front 28

for diabetics, the most common area for PAD is where?

Back 28

in the arteries below the knee

Front 29

classic symptom of PAD

Back 29

intermittent claudication

Front 30

acute arterial ischemia

Back 30

a sudden interruption in the arterial blood supply to tissue, an organ, or an extremity that, if left untreated, can lead to tissue death

Front 31

most common cause of acute arterial ischemia

Back 31

embolization of a thrombus from the heart or an aneurysm

Front 32

superficial thrombophlebitis

Back 32

most common cause is vein trauma caused by intraluminal cannulation of a vein in IV therapy

Front 33

interventions for superficial thrombophlebitis

Back 33

elevate extremity; apply warm, moist heat; remove IV catheter, if applicable; NSAID, aspirin