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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Renal mass lesions?
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Tumor:
-Solid -Cyst Infection: -Lobar nephronia -Abscess -XGP Congenital: -Duplicated collecting system Pseudotumors: -Fetal lobulation -Dromedary hump -Column of Bertin -Suprahilar "bump" -Lobar dysmorphism Trauma: -Hematoma |
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Solid renal neoplasm?
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RCC
Wilm's tumor Oncocytoma Adenoma Angiomyolipoma TCC Mets Lymphoma |
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Cystic renal masses?
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Tumor:
-Cystic/necrotic RCC -Multilocular RCC -Cystic Wilms tumor True cysts: -Cortical cysts -Medullary cystic diseae -Adult polycystic kidney disease -Cysts in systemic disease(VHL, Tuberous sclerosis) -End-stage renal failure -Infectious cysts Hydronephrosis Renal artery aneurysm Abscess |
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Hyperechoic renal mass?
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Angiomyolipoma
RCC Milk of calcium cyst Nephritis: -XCP -Emphysematous pyelonephritis -Focal nephritis -Candidiasis Hematoma Infarction Renal sinus fat Duplicated collecting system |
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Renal sinus mass?
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Tumor:
-TCC -RCC -Lymphoma -Bellini duct carcinoma Renal artery aneurysm Renal sinus hemorrhage Complicated parapelvic cyst |
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Wedge shaped renal lesion?
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Renal mets
Infarction Lobar nephritis |
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Masses in the perinephric space?
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RCC
Perinephric lymphoma Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder Retroperitoneal tumors Spontaneous perinephric hematomas Perinephric urinomas Perinephric abscess Renal lymphangiomatosis Extramedullary hematopoiesis Retroperitoneal fibrosis Rosai-Dorfman disease Erdheim-Chester disease Renal cortical necrosis Nephroblastomatosis Neurofibromatosis |
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Diffusely hyperechoic kidneys?
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Inflammation:
-Glomerulonephritis -Glomeruloscleorsis -AIDS-related nephropathy -Interstitial nephritis Acute tubular necrosis Hemolyitic uremic syndrome Multiple myeloma End-stage renal disease Medullary or cortical nephrocalcinosis Infantile polycystic kidney disease |
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Renal calcifications?
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Tumors:
-Cysts -RCC Infection: -TB Metastatic calcification: -Medullary nephrocalcinosis -Cortical nephrocalcinosis Collecting system: -Calculi |
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Fat in kidney?
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Angiomyolipoma
Lipoma Replacement lipomatosis |
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Hypoechoic perirenal fat?
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Normal variant
Perirenal hemorrhage Cyst rupture SLE Polyarteritis nodosa |
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Filling defect in collecting system?
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Tumor:
-TCC -Papilloma -Leukoplakia, malacoplakia Mobile filling defecg: -Blood clot -Sloughed papilla -Calculus -Fungus ball Vascular impression Artificial overlying bowel gas |
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Papillary necrosis?
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"POSTCARD"
Pyelonephritis Obstruction Sickle cell disease TB Cirrhosis, ethanol Analgesics Renal vein thrombosis Diabetes |
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Delayed nephrogram?
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Prerenal causes:
-Renal artery stenosis -Hypotension Renal causes: -Acute glomerulonephritis -ATN -Acute cortical necrosis -Tubular precipitation -Acute interstitial nephritis -Papillary necrosis -Renal vein thrombosis Post-Renal causes: -Obstruction (stone, stricture) |
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Extracalyceal contrast agent?
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Striations:
-Medullary sponge kidney -Early papillary necrosis -Pyelosinus or pyelovenous backflow in obstruction -Interstitial edema Focal collections: -Late papillary necrosis -Calyceal diverticulum -Cavity from cyst rupture -Abscess |
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Dilated calyces/collecting system?
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Obstruction
Papillary necrosis Congenital megacalyces Calyceal diverticulum Reflux |
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Bilaterally enlarged kidneys?
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Tumor:
-Cystic disease (ADPCKD) -Leukemia -Lymphoma -Multiple myeloma Inflammation: -Glomerulonephritis -Interstitial nephritis -Collagen vascular disease -ATN Metabolic: -Amyloid -Diabetes -Storage diseases, acromegaly Vascular: -Bilateral renal vein thrombosis |
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Bilaterally small kidneys?
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Chronic inflammation
Bilateral renal artery stenosis Reflux (chronic infection) |
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Hypercalcemia?
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"PAM SCHMIDT"
Parathyroid adenoma, hyperplasia Addison's Milk alkali syndrome Sarcoid Carcinomatosis Hyperparathyroidism, secondary Myeloma Immobilization D Vitamin Thiazides |
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Renal vein thrombosis?
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Tumor:
-RCC -Lymphoma -TCC -Wilms -Adrenal tumors -Gonadal tumors -Pancreatic carcinoma -Extraluminal compression of renal vein by retroperitoneal tumors Renal disease: -Membranous glomerulonephritis -SLE -Amyloidosis Hypercoagulable states Extension of ovarian vein, IVC thrombosis Trauma, surgery Transplant rejection |
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Dilated ureter?
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Obstruction
-Primary megaureter -Ureteral stricture -Bladder outlet obstruction -Uretheral stricture Reflux DIuresis |
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Ureteral stricture?
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Tumor:
-TCC -Mets -Lymphadenopathy Inflammatory: -TB (corkscrew) -Schistosomiasis -Crohn's -PID Congenital: -Ectopic ureterocele -Primary megaureter -Congenital stenosis Metabolic, drugs: -Morphine -Methysergide Trauma: -Iatrogenic -Radiation Vascular: -Aortic, iliac artery aneurysm -Ovarian vein syndrome -Lymphocele |
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Multiple ureteral filling defects?
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Wall:
-Ureteritis cystica -Allergic mucosal bullae -Pseudodiverticulosis -Vascular impressions -Multiple papillomas -Melanoma mets -Suburothelial hemorrhage Luminal: -Calculi -Blood clot -Sloughed papillae -Fungus ball -Air bubbles |
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Ureteral diverticula?
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Congenital
Ureteritis cystica TB |
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Deviated ureters?
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Lateral deviation:
-Bulky retroperitoneal adenopathy -Primary retroperitoneal tumors -Aortic aneurysm -Retroperitoneal fluid collection -Malrotated kidney -Ovarian/uterine mass Medial deviation: -Posterior bladder diverticulum -Uterine fibroids -Retroperitoneal fibrosis -Post-operative -Enlarged prostate (J shaped ureter) -Retrocaval ureter (only on right side) |
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Bladder wall thickening?
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Tumor:
-TCC -Lymphoma Inflammation: -Radiation cystitis -Infectious cystitis -IBD, appendicitis Outlet obstruction: -BPH -Uretheral stricture Neurogenic |
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Bladder filling defect?
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Tumor:
-TCC, SCCa -Mets -Endometriosis -Polyps Infection: -PID -Schistosomiasis -Leukoplakia -Malacoplakia -Cystitis cystica, cystitis glandularis Luminal: -Calculi -Blood clot -Foreign bodies -BPH |
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Bladder neoplasm?
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Primary:
-TCC -SCCa -Adenocarcinoma -Pheochromocytoma -Rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, primary lymphoma Secondary: -Mets -Direct extension (prostate, uterus, colon) -Lymphoma |
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Bladder calculi?
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Chronic bacterial infection
Chronic bladder catheterization Bladder outlet obstruction Schistosomiasis Renal calculi |
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Bladder wall calcification?
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"SCRITT"
Schistosomiasis Cylophosphamide Radiation Interstitial cystitis TB TCC |
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Air in bladder?
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Instrumentation, catheter
Bladder fistula Emphysematous cystitis |
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Teardrop bladder?
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Physiologic:
-Normal variant -Iliopsoas hypertrophy Fluid: -Hematoma -Abscess Masses: -Pelvic lymphoma -Pelvic lipomatosis -Retroperitoneal fibrosis |
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Adrenal masses?
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Tumor:
-Adenoma -Mets -Pheochromocytoma -Lymphoma -Neuroblastoma -Fatty lesions (Myelipoma, Lipoma) -Cystic tumors (Simple cyst, pseudocyst after prior hemorrhage) -Hemorrhage -TB -Wolman's disease |
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Bilateral adrenal masses?
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Mets
Lymphoma Bilateral pheochromocytoma: -MEN Type2 -VHL -NF Granulomatous masses: -TB -Histoplasmosis |
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Adrenal calcifications?
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Tumor:
-Neuroblastoma -Pheochromocytoma Infection: -TB -Histoplasmosis -Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome Trauma (hemorrhage) Congenital (Wolman's Disease) |
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Adrenal pseudotumors?
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Gastric fundus
Accessory spleen Retroperitoneal varices Liver mass Gallbladder mass Renal mass Varices Tortuous splenic artery Pancreatic tail Medial splenic lobulation |
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Solid testicular masses?
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Tumor:
-Germinal -Non-germinal -Mets (prostate, kidney, leukemia, lymphoma) Infection: -Orchitis -Abscess -Granuloma Trauma Atrophy Dilated rete testes |
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Extratesticular abnormalities?
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Epididymitis
Spermatocele Hydrocele Tunical or mesothelial cyst Paratesticular hemorrhage, abscess Hernia Neoplasm: -Benign (Adenomatoid tumor, fibroma, leiomyoma) -Malignant (Mesothelioma, sarcoma) |
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Prostate cystic lesions?
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Utricle cyst
Cowper's duct cyst Ejaculatory duct cyst Prostatic retention cyst Seminal vesicle cyst Vas deferens cyst Mullerian duct cyst |
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Thick hyperechoic endometrial stripe?
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Pregnancy related:
-Normal early pregnancy -Ectopic -Incomplete abortion -Molar pregnancy Post-menopausal: -Hyperplasia -Tamoxifen, HRT -Polyps -Endometrial cancer |
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Hypoechoic structures in hyperechoic endometrium?
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Premenopausal:
-Molar pregnancy -Retained placenta, abortus -Degenerated placenta -Degenerated fibroid Postmenopausal: -Cystic glandular hyperplasia -Endometrial polyps -Endometrial carcinoma |
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Fluid in uterine cavity?
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Acquired (cervical stenosis):
-Cervical cancer -Endometrial cancer -Endometritis -PID -Radiation Pregnancy related: -Early IUP -Pseudogestational sac -Blighted ovum Congenital: -Imperforate hymen -Vaginal septum -Vaginal atresia -Rudimentary uterine horn |
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Uterine enlargement or distortion?
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Fibroids
Adenomyosis Congenital uterine anomalies PID, surgery Endometriosis Malignant tumors |
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Uterine bleeding?
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Endometrial hyperplasia or polyp
Endometrial cancer Estrogen withdrawal Adenomyosis Submucosal fibroid Cervical cancer |
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Small uterus?
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Hypoplasia
Nulliparity Synechiae DES exposure |
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Large uterus?
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Multiparity
Pregnancy Molar pregnancy Neoplasm |
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Uterine and vaginal cystic masses?
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Nabothian cyst
Gartner's duct cyst Bartholin cyst Hydrometrocolpos |
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Shadowing structures in endometrial cavity (u/s)?
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IUD
Calcifications: -Fibroids -TB Pyometra (gas) |
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Cystic masses in ovary?
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Normal ovarian cysts:
-Follicle -Corpus luteum Too many follicles: -PCOS -Hyperstimulation syndrome Theca lutein cyst Cystic adnexal masses: -Hemorrhagic cyst -Endometrioma (chocolate cyst) -Ectopic pregnancy -Cystadenocarcinoma -TOA |
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Cystic masses in fallopian tube?
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Hydrosalpinx
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Cystic masses in adnexa?
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Parovarian cyst
Fluid in cul-de-sac Pelvic varices Lymphocele Bowel Pelvic abscess |
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Complex pelvic masses?
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Ovarian/parovarian (the "Big 5"):
-Ectopic pregnancy -TOA -Endometrioma, hemorrhagci cyst -Ovarian torsion -Tumor (dermoid, adenocarcinoma) Tubal: -Pyosalpinx Uterine: -Pedunculated fibroid -Extruded IUD -Endometrial, cervical carcinoma Pelvic abscess Appendicitis Diverticulitis Hematoma Pelvic kidneys Iliac aneurysm |
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Masses with homogenous low-level echoes?
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TOA
Endometrioma Hemorrhagic cyst |
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Solid ovarian mass lesions?
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Benign tumors:
-Fibroma -Thecoma -Endometrioma -Germ cell tumor Malignant ovarian tumors Mets Pedunculated fibroid Lymphadenopathy |
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Dilated fallopian tubes (hydrosalpinx, pyosalpinx, hematosalpinx)?
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Infection
Tumor Endometriosis Iatrogenic ligation |
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Fallopian tube filling defects on HSG?
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Polyp
Neoplasm Silicone implant Tubal pregnancy Air bubble from injection |
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Fallopian tube irregularity?
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Salpingitis isthmica nodosa
Tubal diverticula Endometriosis Post-operative changes TB |
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Pseudokidney sign on ultrasound?
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IBD (Crohn's, Infectious colitis)
Tumor Intussusception Always exclude pelvic kidney! |
