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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Universal differential diagnosis?
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"TIC MTV"
Tumor Inflammation Infection Non-infectious Congenital Metabolic Trauma, iatrogenic Vascular |
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Lobar, segmental atelectasis?
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Endobronchial lesion
Extrinsic bronchial compression: Tumor Lymphadenopathy Bronchial torsion |
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Types of peripheral atelectasis?
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Relaxation:
Pleural effusion Pneumothorax Bullous disease Atelectasis with fibrosis: Granulomatous infections Pneumoconiosis Sarcoid Resorptive atelectasis secondary to obstruction: Platelike, discoid Depletion of surfactant: ARDS of newborn Radiation injury Rounded atelectasis: Due to pleural disease |
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Causes of consolidation?
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Fluid in acini:
Water Blood Proteinaceous fluid Inflammatory exudate in acini: Infection Noninfectious Tumor in acini |
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Causes of consolidation
Fluid in acini? |
Water:
Cardiac pulmonary edema Renal pulmonary edema Lung injury Blood: Trauma Anticoagulation Type II antigen-antibody reaction Goodpasture's Henoch-Schonlein Pulmonary infarct Vasculitis Proteinaceous fluid: Alveolar proteinosis |
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Causes of consolidation
Inflammatory exudate in acini? |
Infection:
Bacterial Nocardia Actinomycosis TB Non-infectious: Allergic hypersensitivity alveolitis Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia BOOP Pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia (Loeffler's, Chronic eosinophillic pneumonia, Pneumonitis, ABPA, PCN) Aspiration Sarcoid |
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Causes of consolidation
Tumor in acini? |
Bronchioalveolar carcinoma
Lymphoma |
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Pulmonary renal syndromes?
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Goodpasture's
Wegener's SLE Henoch-Schonlein purpura Polyarteritis nodosa Penicillamine hypersensitivity |
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ARDS causes?
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Massive pneumonia
Trauma Shock Sepsis Pancreatitis Drug OD Near-Drowning Aspiration |
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Chronic airspace disease?
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Tumors:
Bronchioalveolar carcinoma Lymphoma Inflammation: TB, fungus Eosinophilic PNA Pneumonitis, BOOP/COP Alveolar sarcoid Alveolar proteinosis Pulmonary hemorrhage Lipoid PNA Chronic aspiration |
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Solitary nodule (less than 6cm)?
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Tumor:
Primary carcinoma Hamartoma Solitary met Inflammation: Histoplasmoma Tuberculoma Coccidioidomycosis Vascular: AVF Pulmonary varix Infarct, embolism Congenital: Sequestration Bronchial cyst Round PNA Loculated effusion in fisure Mucus plug Enlarged subpleural LN Silicosis |
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Multiple pulmonary nodules?
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Mets
Abscess Granulomatous disease: Infections (TB, Aspergillus, Histo) Sarcoid Rheumatoid nodules Silicosis Wegener's Necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis Histiocytosis Unilateral pulmonary embolism |
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Miliary pattern in lungs?
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Soft tissue opacity:
TB Histoplasmosis Mets (thyroid, melanoma, breast, choriocarcinoma) Eosinophilic granuloma Bronchioalveolar ca. Silicosis Sarcoid |
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Calcified lung nodules?
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Larger (> 1 mm):
Mets from medullary thyroid ca Mucinous or osteogenic mets Previous varicella PNA Histoplasmosis Coccidiodomyocosis TB Schistosomiasis Silicosis Very small (0.1-1mm, sandlike): Alveolar microlithiasis Chronic pulmonary venous HTN Metastatic calcification from severe renal disease |
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Large (>6cm) thoracic mass?
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Pulmonary:
Bronchogenic ca Mets (SCCa from head/neck) Abscess Round atelectasis Intrapulmonary sequestration Hydatid disease Extra-pulmonary: Fibrous tumor of pleura Loculated pleural effusion Torsed pulmonary lobe Askin's tumor AAA Mediastinal masses |
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Upper lung zone opacities with calcified adenopathy?
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Silicosis
Sarcoidosis Berylliosis Coal worker's pneumoconiosis TB |
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Infection that can cause chest wall invasion?
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Actinomyces
Nocardia TB Blastomyces Aspergillus |
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Infection with lymphadenopathy?
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TB
Histoplasmosis EBV |
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Pulmonary cysts?
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Pneumatocele
Bulla, bleb Cystic bronchiectasis Congenital cysts Intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts CCAM Sequestration Hydatid cysts |
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Pulmonary cavity?
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Abscess:
Pyogenic Immunocompromised (Nocardia, Legionella) Cavitated tumor: SCCa Sarcoma Lymphoma TCC of bladder Cavitated granulomatous mass: Aspergillus Coccidiodomycosis TB Sarcoid Wegener's Rheumatoid nodules Necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis Cavitated post-traumatic hematoma |
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Air crescent sign in cavity?
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Asperigillosis
Mucormycosis Actinomycosis Septic emboli Klebsiella TB Tumors |
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Small cystic disease?
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True cyst wall:
Eosinophilic granuloma Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Cystic form of PCP Honeycombing in end-stage interstitial lung disease No cyst wall: Emphysema |
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Interstitial lung disease
Upper lobe distribution? |
"CASSET P"
Cystic fibrosis Ankylosing spondylitis Silicosis Sarcoid Eosinophilic granuloma TB PCP |
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Interstitial lung disease
Lower lobe distribution? |
"BADAS"
Bronchiectasis Aspiration Drugs, Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis Asbestosis Scleroderma, other collagen vascular diseases |
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Interstitial lung disease
Acute evolution? |
"HELP"
Hypersensitivity Edema Lymphoproliferative Pneumonitis, viral |
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Interstitial lung disease
Chronic evolution? |
"LIFE"
Lymphangitic spread Inflammation, infection Fibrosis Edema |
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Interstitial lung disease
Increased lung volumes? |
Cystic fibrosis
Eosiniphilic granuloma Lymphangioleiomyomatosis |
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Interstitial lung disease
Decreased lung volumes? |
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Scleroderma |
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Interstitial lung disease
Pleural plaques? |
Astestosis
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Interstitial lung disease
Pleural effusion |
CHF
Lymphangitic carcinomatosis Rheumatoid disease |
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Interstitial lung disease
Enlarged lymph nodes? |
Malignant adenopathy
TB, fungus Sarcoid |
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Interstitial lung disease
Calcified lymph nodes? |
Silicosis
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HRCT Patterns of Interstitial Lung Disease
Ground glass opacity (GGO)? |
Allergic hypersensitivity
All acute interstitial disease DIP Active IPF Viral PCP BOOP/COP Eosinophilic pneumonia Pulmonary edema |
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HRCT Patterns of Interstitial Lung Disease
Reticulonodular opacities? |
Pulmonary edema
Viral, mycoplasmal PNA, PCP Lymphangitic tumor spread Pulmonary fibrosis IPF Drugs Radiation Collagen vascular disease Hemosiderosis Asbestosis |
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HRCT Patterns of Interstitial Lung Disease
Nodular opacities? |
Hematogenous infection
Hematogenous mets Sarcoid Pneumoconiosis Silicosis CWP Histiocytosis |
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HRCT Patterns of Interstitial Lung Disease
Cystic spaces? |
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Cystic PCP Histiocytosis Honeycombing IPF Any end-stage interstitial disease |
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Crazy paving on HRCT?
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Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
ARDS PCP Lipoid pneumonia Hemorrhage BAC Pulmonary edema |
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Pumonary hemorrhage?
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Focal:
PE Trauma AVM Cancer (BAC) Diffuse: Wegener's Goodpasture's Idiopathic (kids) Bone marrow transplant |
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Halo pattern of GGO?
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Early invasive aspergillosis
Hemorrhage around neoplasm Postbiopsy pseudonodule |
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Peripheral GGO and consolidation?
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BOOP
Infarcts Septic emboli Collagen vascular disease Contusion DIP Drug toxicity Eosinophilic pneumonia Fibrosis Sarcoidosis |
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Honeycombing pattern on HRCT?
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UIP
Scleroderma/RA Asbestosis Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis Sarcoidosis Silicosis EG Drug toxicity: bleomycin |
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Diseases spreading along bronchovascular bundle?
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Sarcoidosis
Lymphoma Lymphangitic spread of tumor TB Kaposi sarcoma |
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Tree-in-bud appearance?
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Infection:
TB Bronchopneumonia Fungal Asian panbronchiolitis Viral pneumonias Bronchial disease: Bronchiolitis Congenital disorders: CF Dyskinetic cilia syndrome Allergic bronchopulmonary asperigillosis (ABPA) Lymphangitic carcinomatosis EG |
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Hyperlucent lung?
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Airways:
Emphysema, bullae Asthma, mucus plug Swyer-James Compensatory hyperexpansion of lung after surgery, collapse Cysts Hypogenetic lung syndrome Congenital lobar emphysema Vascular: PE Pulmonary artery stenosis Chest wall abnormalities: Mastectomy Poland's syndrome Pleural: Pneumothorax |
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Small lung?
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Hypogenetic lung syndrome
Agenesis of pulmonary artery Chronic atelectasis Swyer-James syndrome |
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Endobronchial lesions?
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Tumors:
SCC Low-grade malignancies Adenocystic carcinoma Mucoepidermoid carcinoma Small cell ca. Carcinoid Mets Inflammatory: TB Mucus plug Foreign body Trauma Broncholith |
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Increased tracheal luminal diameter?
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Tracheobronchomegaly (Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome)
Pulmonary fibrosis Tracheomalacia |
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Decreased tracheal luminal diameter?
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Saber-sheath trachea
Tracheopathia osteochondroplastica Tracheomalacia Relapsing polychondritis Amyloidosis Sarcoidosis Wegener's Tuberculous and fungal stenosis |
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Bronchiectasis?
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Post-infectious:
Any childhood infection Recurrent aspiration ABPA: central Chronic granulomatous infection Pertussis Bronchial obstruction: Neoplasm Foreign body Congenital: CF Bronchial cartilage deficiency (Williams-Campbell) Abnormal mucocilliary transport (Kartagener's) |
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Upper lobe bronchiectasis?
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CF
TB Radiation ABPA Mounier-Kuhn Agammaglobulinemia Karatagener's |
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Mucoid (bronchial) impaction?
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Asthma
CF ABPA Congenital bronchial atresia |
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Pleural-based mass?
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Tumor:
Mesothelioma Fibrous tumor of pleura Malignant thymoma, lymphoma Mets (breast, lung, prostate, thyroid, renal) Lipoma Rib tumors Plexiform neurofibromas Inflammatory: TB Asbestos Actinomycosis |
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Calcified pleural plaques?
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"TAFT"
TB Asbestos-related Fluid (empyema, hematoma) Talc |
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Elevated hemidiaphragm?
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Phrenic nerve paralysis
Immobility due to pain: Rib fx Pleuritis, PNA PE Mass lesions Abdominal masses, subphrenic collection, abscess Diaphragmatic hernia Pleural tumors Subpulmonic effusion |
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Anterior mediastinal masses?
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"4 Ts"
Thymoma Thyroid lesions T-cell lymphoma Teratoma |
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Superior mediastinal masses?
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Descending through thoracic inlet:
Thyroid masses Adenopathy Lymphatic cysts, cystic hygroma Ascending through thoracic inlet: Small cell ca of lung Lymphoma Aneurysm and other vascular abnormalities |
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Middle mediastinal masses?
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Adenopathy:
Sarcoid TB Fungal Mets, lymphoma, leukemia Congenital cysts: Bronchogenic cysts Pericardial cysts Aneurysm: Aorta, aortic branches Pulmonary artery Esophagus: HH Neoplasm Diverticula Megaesophagus Mediastinal hemorrhage Mediastinal lipmatosis Bronchogenic ca Aberrant RSA with diverticulum Varices Neurinoma from recurrent laryngeal nerve Malignancy of trachea Pancreatic pseudocyst |
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Adenopathy?
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Low attn lymph nodes:
TB and fungal Necrotic mets Lymphoma Vascularized lymph nodes: Castleman's disease Vascular mets Calcified lymph nodes: TB Histo Sarcoid Silicosis Radiation therapy |
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Posterior Mediastinal mass?
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Neurogenic:
Schwannoma, neurofibroma Sympathetic ganglia Pheochromocytoma Lateral meningomyelocele Thoracic spine: Neoplasm Hematoma Extramedullary hematopoiesis Diskitis Vascular: Aneurysm Azygos continuation |
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Cardiophrenic angle mass?
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Fat pad
Diaphragmatic hernia Morgagni Bochdalek Pericardial cyst Cardiophrenic angle nodes Aneurysm Dilated right atrium Anterior mediastinal mass Primary lung or pleural mass |
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Fatty mediastinal lesions?
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Mediastinal lipomatosis
Morgagni's hernia Bochdalek's hernia Periesophageal fat herniation Lipoma Liposarcoma Thymolipoma Germ cell tumors |
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High-density mediastinal lesions on non-con CT?
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Calcified lymph nodes
Calcified tumor Calcified goiter Calcified aneurysm Hemorrhage |
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Densely enhancing mediastinal mass?
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Vascular:
Aneurysm Vascular abnormalities Esophageal varices Hypervascular tumors Goiter Castleman's disease |
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Prominent hila?
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Tumors:
Central bronchogenic carcinoma Lymphoma Adenopathy: TB, fungi, histoplasmosis Sarcoid, silicosis Oat cell tumor Mets Pulmonary artery enlargement |
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Eggshell calcification in hilar nodes?
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Silicosis
CWP Treated lymphoma Granulomatous disease Sarcoid |
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Pneumomediastinum?
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Pulmonary:
Asthma Barotrauma Childbirth Pneumothorax Mediastinum: Tracheobronchial laceration Esophageal perforation Mediastinal surgery Boerhaave's Abdomen: Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal bowel perf Retroperitoneal surgery Head and neck: Esophageal rupture Facial fractures Dental or retropharyngeal infection, mediastinitis |
