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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do biochemical reactions need in order to occur?
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An aqeuous environment
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What two properties allow water to dissolve many compounds?
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Hydrogen bonding
Hydrophobic interactions |
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Why is water a molecular dipole?
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Electronegativity differences between O and H
Bent geometry |
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Are electrons shared equally in a water molecule?
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No, density is focused around oxygen
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What is a hydrogen bond donor?
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A compound with a hydrogen available to hydrogen bond (hydrogen must be attached to much more electronegative atom)
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Why is a hydrogen bond acceptor?
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An atom with a free pair of electrons to accept the hydrogen
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Which is stronger covalent or hydrogen bonds?
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Covalent bonds
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What four unique properties does water have?
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High boiling point
High melting point High heat capacity Great ability to dissolve many biological compounds |
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What is an alkane?
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A hydrocarbon with only single bonds
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What is an alkene?
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A hydrocarbon with at least one double bond between carbons
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What is an amine?
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A nitrogen bonded to a carbon, two hydrogens, and a lone pair
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What is a protonated amine?
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A nitrogen bonded to a carbon and three hydrogens
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What is an alcohol?
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An OH group bonded to an R group
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What is a thiol?
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An SH group bonded to an R group
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What is an imine?
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A nitrogen double bonded to a carbon and single bonded to a hydrogen and lone pair
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What is an amide?
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A terminal carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to an amine group
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What is an aldehyde?
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A terminal carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to a hydrogen
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What is a ketone?
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A non-terminal carbon double bonded to an oxygen
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What is an ester?
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A carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to a second oxygen which is bonded to an additional R group
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What is an aromatic?
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A ringed hydrocarbon containing the appopriate number of double bonds
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What is a carboxylic acid?
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A terminal carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to an alcohol
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What is a carboxylate?
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A carboxylic acid in which the alcohol group has been deprotonated
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What are hydrophobic molecules?
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Molecules that are non-polar and non-ionic and thereby don't hydrogen bond with water
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What is an amphiphilic molecule?
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A molecule that contains both polar and non-polar regions and is therefore hydrophobic and hydrophilic
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What is the pH of pure water?
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7
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What is pH a measure of?
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The H+ concentration in solution
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What is the equation for the equilibrium constant of water?
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Keq=[H+][OH-]/[H20]
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As the acidity of an acid increases the pKa does what?
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Decreases
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What two components make up a buffer system?
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A weak acid and it's conjugate base or salt
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What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?
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pH=pKa+log[A-]/[HA]
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What is the ideal condition for a buffer solution?
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When pH=pKa
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What is a buffer?
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A chemical system that resists changes in pH
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