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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the primary function of the kidneys?
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Homeostatic control of the composition, volume, and osmotic pressure of bodily fluids.
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What happens if the kidneys fail?
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Fluid overload, hypertension, hyperkalemia, acidosis, hyperparathyroidism, anemia, altered medication metabolism, cardiovascular disease, mineral and bone disorders, vascular calcification.
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What hormones affect the kidney?
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1. Atrial natriuretic factor-affects Na+
2. ADH-affects water 3. Aldosterone-affects salt and water 4. PTH-affects Ca+ |
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How does the kidney affect water balance?
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It controls the amount of water excretion.
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Low blood pressure causes _____ stimulation via the ____receptors which causes the _____ cells of the kidneys to secrete _____?
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Sympathetic; baroreceptors; juxtaglomerular cells; renin.
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Where is ACE largely found?
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Pulmonary capillaries.
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What is affect of angiotensin II?
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Vasoconstriction and acts at adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone.
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What is affect of aldosterone on the kidneys?
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Stimulates Na+ and water retention.
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How does the kidney affect pH?
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By changing the amount of H+ excreted.
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What is the major waste product found in urine?
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Urea.
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What is the accumulation of urea?
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Uremia is associated with coma, convulsions, and other effects.
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How do the kidneys regulate erythropoiesis?
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Produce erythropoietin which stimulates erythropoiesis.
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What is the function of the kidney in the production of calcitriol?
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25-hydroxy Vitamin D3 (from liver) is converted to active calitriol in the kidney. Stimulated by PTH.
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What is one affect of calcitriol?
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Calcium absorption in the gut.
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What is the functional unit of the kidney?
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Nephrons.
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What are the two steps in urine production?
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1. Kidneys produce an ultra filtrate of plasma
2. Ultrafiltrate is processed in the renal tubule |
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Does urine contain protein?
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Not normally.
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What are the components of the urinary system in order?
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1. Blood supply to kidneys
2. Two kidneys 3. Two ureters 4. Urinary bladder 5. Urethra |
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Where is the anatomical location of the kidneys?
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Posterior to parietal peritoneum on posterior wall of abdomen.
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In what groove do the renal artery and renal vein lay?
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The hilium.
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What is significant about the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla?
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Incredibly hypertonic to plasma.
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What are the components of a nephron?
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1. Blood vessels that bring blood to specialized networks of capillaries called glomeruli
2. Tubules that collect, process, and concentrate the ultra filtrate 3. Blood vessels and capillary networks surrounding the tubules |
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What is a glomerulus?
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Capillaries fed by an afferent arteriole with incredibly small pores.
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How does blood that has been filtered by the glomerulus leave the corpuscles?
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Via the efferent arteriole.
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Fluid that has been filtered in the glomerulus enters what?
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The Bowman's capsule. This fluid an ultrafiltrate.
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What encloses the glomerulus?
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The Bowman's capsule.
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What cells make up the wall of the Bowman's capsule that is in contact with the glomerulus?
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Podocytes with processes that wrap around capillaries.
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What are the three parts of the nephron?
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1. Renal corpuscles
2. Renal tubules 3. Collecting ducts |
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What absorbs substances from the ultra filtrate?
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Renal tubules.
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