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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the most common viral URI etiologies?
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Rhinovirus
Influenza Parainfluenza Adenovirus |
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obstruction of this structure causes impaired drainage and leads to an acute purulent sinusitis
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obstruction of the sinus ostia
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what are 2 common ingredients in nasal decongestants?
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pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
phenylpropanolamine |
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what is the main ingredient in expectorants?
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guaifenesin
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Why shouldn't you give ASA to children?
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Causes Reye's Syndrome
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what is the most frequent nosocomial infection in intensive care units
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Sinusitis secondary to NG tube placement >48 hrs
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The MC organisms that cause sinusitis
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S.pneumoniae or H.flu causes 70% of cases
others: M.Cat Staph Aureus Gram - organisms in ICU |
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Which sinus is MC affected in sinusitis?
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maxillary sinusitis
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what is the preferred imaging method for sinusitis?
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CT scan, but only use in cases of treatment failure or chronic disease
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what is rhinitis medicamentosa?
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rebound nasal congestion brought on by extended use of decongestants
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why do you not give antihistamines to treat sinusitis?
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they thicken secretions
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when are Abx indicated for treating sinusitis?
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when there's purulent D/C, worsening Sx(fever, leukocytosis, tender sinuses) > 5-10 days
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How do you treat sinusitis in the ICU?
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Remove tubes
Give ofloxocillin or vanco c 3rd Gen. Ceph or Unasym |
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What can happen if you don't treat sinusitis adequately?
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Can progress to:
Chronic Sinusitis Meningitis Periobital/nasal cellulitis Osteomyelitis Brain abscess |
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Pt presents with soft, doughy, swelling around the sinuses
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Osteomyelitis; you need a CT or MRI to confirm
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where can you find Charcot Leyden Crystals?
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In the sputum of a pt with Fungal or allergic sinusitis
These crystals are proteins that originate in the cytoplasms of eosinophils |
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How do you treat chronic invasive sinusitis?
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IV amphotericin B
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This disease is assoc. with the common bread mold and usually affects diabetics and immunocompromised pts
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Phycomycosis
Tx: rapid, debridement, IV amphotericin |
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which viruses frequently cause pharyngitis?
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chlamydia
mycoplasma streptococci |
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T/F The presence of exudates differentiate viral and bacterial causes
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False: exudates can be caused by both
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what are the Centor criteria for GABHS
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Fever
Exudates Absence of cough Lynphadenopathy |
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How do you Dx rheumatic fever?
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requires 2 major Jones criteria or 1 major plus 2 minor
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Name the Jones criteria
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Major:
J-polyarthritis 0-carditis N-nodules subq E-erythema marginatum S-syndenham's chorea Minor: FAPPA Fever Arthralgia Previous rheumatic fever Prolonged P-R interval Acute phase reactions(>ESR, C-reactive protein, leukocytosis) |
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A pt comes in with edema, gross Hematuria, and HTN two weeks after having a sore throat, what do you suspect?
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Post-strep glomerulonephritis
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vesicles on the hands and feet (hand-foot-and-mouth disease)is assoc. with this virus
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coxsackievirus
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T/F syphillis can cause pharyngitis
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TRUE
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A pt with a foul smelling gray-white pharyngeal membrane and a whitish-blue pharyngeal exudate; what's the organism?
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Corynebacterium diptheriae
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this disease presents w/cheesy, white-creamy exudate with an erythematous base on the tongue or buccal mucosa
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Oral candidiasis
Common in HIV pts |
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what is Vincent's angina?
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This is trench mouth, an infection with ulceration, swelling and sloughing off of dead tissue from the mouth and throat due to the spread of infection from the gums
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what is the DOC for bacterial laryngitis?
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Augmentin
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what are the S/Sx of epiglottitis?
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Muffled voice
Drooling Stridor Tripod position Sore throat |
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A “Thumb print” sign on X-ray is indicative of?
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Epiglottitis
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Which organisms often cause epiglottitis?
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H.flu type B
S pneumoniae H parainfluenzae S aureus GABHS |
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How do you treat epiglottitis?
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Cephalosporin
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A young child with a barking cough
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croup
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Causes of laryngitis
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Infection
GERD Environmental insults (pollution) Vocal trauma Use of asthma inhalers |
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Causes of wheezing
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Asthma
COPD Chronic heart failure Pneumonia |
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A sound with a snoring quality suggestive of secretions in large airways
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Rhonchi
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low pitched ronchi is called?
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sonorous
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Ronchi with a high pitched, whistling or squeaky quality
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Sibilant
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These sounds are most often heard in pleurisy, also called crepitations or crackles, they sound like brief bursts of popping bubbles, and are often assoc. with early CHF, pneumonia, and brochitis
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Rales
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An infection that causes pus to accumulate in the pleural space
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Empyema
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