Pulmonology Med Test 4

Front 1

in what order does air pass through the body after nose and mouth?

Back 1

pharynx, past the larynx through the trachea

Front 2

what are the two vital functions that the respiratory system serve?

Back 2

1.makes O2 constantly available
2.carries waste products such as CO2

Front 3

what are two examples of accessory functions of the respiratory system?

Back 3

vocalizing: air passes across larynx to make sound
straining/valsalva: used for defication, urination, childbirth

Front 4

where does exchange of air take place?

Back 4

between air of the lungs and the thin membranes of the alveoli and capillary: one cell thick

Front 5

what are the muscles involved in respiration?

Back 5

diaphragm
intercostals
abdominals
accessory muscles

Front 6

what are the accessory muscles that are involved in respiration?

Back 6

SCM
trapezius
playtsma
scalenes

Front 7

at what anatomical point in the airway does the "respiration" actually occur?

Back 7

in the respiratory bronchioles (alveolar sacs, alveoli)

Front 8

typically what rib marks the end of the lungs anteriorly?

Back 8

6/7th

Front 9

typically what rib marks the end of the lungs posteriorly?

Back 9

8/9th

Front 10

which lung is shorter?

Back 10

Right lung: liver pushes up on it

Front 11

which lung is more wide?

Back 11

Right: because the heart impedes the left

Front 12

which lobe of the right lung is the largest?

Back 12

the RLL: it is separated from the others by the major fissure

Front 13

how/when are fissures of the lungs seen?

Back 13

if there is fluid within the pleural space or if the visceral pleura is thickened

Front 14

at what level does the trachea begin?

Back 14

at the cricoid cartilage...the level of the larynx (6th vertebra)

Front 15

typically where does a peanut get lodged and cause a patient to choke?

Back 15

right mainstem bronchi: shorter, wider, less acute angle

Front 16

what main features make up the superior mediastinum?

Back 16

brachiocephalic veins, the branches from the aortic arch, the trachea, the esophagus

Front 17

what lies in the thin anterior mediastinum?

Back 17

thymus gland

Front 18

what lies in the middle mediastinum?

Back 18

the heart

Front 19

what lies in the posterior mediastinum?

Back 19

it is continuous with the superior mediastinum, and contains the esophagus, primary bronchi and the thoracic aorta

Front 20

what are the two layers of the pleura?

Back 20

parietal pleura
visceral pleura

Front 21

what is the "potential space" between the two layers of the pleura?

Back 21

the pleural cavity

Front 22

when a lung collapses (pneumothorax) or develops an infection, what condition can occur?

Back 22

pleurisy

Front 23

what is the major muscle of inspiration?

Back 23

the diaphragm

Front 24

what innervates the diaphragm?

Back 24

phrenic nerve

Front 25

the dead air space is known as?

Back 25

residual volume RV

Front 26

what are the 4 volumes of the physiology of the lungs?

Back 26

Tidal volume TV
inspiratory reserve volume IRV
expiratory reserve volume ERV
residual volume RV

Front 27

what are the four capacities of the lungs?

Back 27

inspiratory capacity IC
functional residual cap FRC
vital capacity VC
Total lung capacity TLC

Front 28

the volume of air inspired or expired with each normal breath. passive. ~500mL air exchange

Back 28

tidal volume TV

Front 29

the extra volume of air that can be inspired over and above the normal tidal volume. ~3000mL

Back 29

inspiratory reserve volume = IRV

Front 30

the extra amount of air that can be expired by forceful expiration at the end of normal TV. ~ 1100mL

Back 30

expiratory reserve volume ERV

Front 31

the volume of air remaining in the lungs after the most forceful expiration. you can never get this air out. ~1200mL

Back 31

residual volume RV the "dead air space"

Front 32

what is the maximum volume to which the lungs can be expanded with the greatest possible inspiratory effort. ~5800mL

Back 32

total lung capacity

Front 33

what space is considered to be the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after first filling the lungs to maximum extent and then expiring to the maximum?

Back 33

vital capacity

Front 34

what is the most sensitive indicator of a diseased state?

Back 34

FEV1 : forced expiratory volume in one second

Front 35

what is the barometric pressure?

Back 35

760mm Hg= 101.3 kPa
decreases with altitude

Front 36

is the intrapleural pressure higher or lower than atmospheric ?

Back 36

lower: 756 mm Hg

Front 37

what is an example of a disease state that the lungs have a lower compliance and therefore a higher transmural pressure exists and more work is required to breathe?

Back 37

pulmonary fibrosis

Front 38

what is an example of a disease state in which there is higher compliance of the lungs, but it is often more difficult to expire due to loss of recoil?

Back 38

emphysema

Front 39

what lines the alveoli that prevents lung collapse?

Back 39

surfactant

Front 40

if an infant is born before 37 weeks of gestation, what is not fully formed that involves the lungs?

Back 40

surfactant is not made: therefore Respiratory distress syndrome and hyaline membrane disease are probable

Front 41

what is the normal composition of the air we breathe?

Back 41

N2 79%
O2 21%

Front 42

what are the 3 forms of Co2 transport in blood?

Back 42

10% dissolved
30% bound to HbG
60% as HcO3

Front 43

where is the respiratory control center?

Back 43

in the medulla oblongata

Front 44

what part of the brain can consciously override all autonomic control?

Back 44

cerebral cortex

Front 45

what monitors the oxygen and H+ sensors?

Back 45

carotid and aortic bodies

Front 46

what is a specific test to order for Co2 levels?

Back 46

carboxyhemoglobin

Front 47

what is the main respiratory regulator?

Back 47

carbon dioxide

Front 48

what is the normal range for Co2?

Back 48

35-45

Front 49

what are the peripheral chemoreceptors?

Back 49

carotid bodies: activated by hypoxia. decreases BP